{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T20:34:45Z","timestamp":1768509285388,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"group-title":"Bioengineering","reference-count":38,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Tetracycline (TET), a broad-spectrum antibiotic, also possesses different non-antibiotic activities such as inhibition of metalloproteinase (MMP), anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, high bone affinity, etc. However, the comparatively low efficacy of these non-antibiotic properties along with adverse effects such as hyperpigmentation, phototoxicity, long-term skeletal retention, etc. have not helped their broad utilization similar to their use as an antibiotic. In a unique attempt to improve the non-antibiotic properties while reducing the adverse effects, we converted the TET to nano-carbons through partial carbonization. After sorting out two water-dispersible C-TETs (C-TET\n                  <jats:sub>HT<\/jats:sub>\n                  - hydrothermal and C-TET\n                  <jats:sub>HP<\/jats:sub>\n                  - hot plate) based on their improved antioxidant activity, they have been characterized through a host of analytical techniques that showed distinct differences in morphology, size, shape, and surface functionality. Excitingly, the C-TET\n                  <jats:sub>HT<\/jats:sub>\n                  and C-TET\n                  <jats:sub>HP<\/jats:sub>\n                  have shown differential biological activity in a dosage and time-dependent manner in terms of cytotoxicity, immunomodulation, and osteogenic activity that was found to be associated with their carbonized parameters. Overall, the carbonized nano-drugs, C-TET\n                  <jats:sub>HT<\/jats:sub>\n                  and C-TET\n                  <jats:sub>HP<\/jats:sub>\n                  have presented substantial early promises on their non-antibiotic properties that could be further explored to develop into some effective therapeutics.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.10.30.564661","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T02:00:20Z","timestamp":1698890420000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Carbonized Tetracycline: a new class of nanomaterial with tuneable antioxidant, reduced cytotoxicity, immunomodulatory, and osteogenic 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