{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:31:45Z","timestamp":1790749905565,"version":"4.1.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]]},"group-title":"Ophthalmology","reference-count":40,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess the efficacy and safety of the PRIMA subretinal neurostimulation system 48-months post-implantation for improving visual acuity (VA) in patients with geographic atrophy (GA) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) at 48-months post-implantation.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    First-in-human clinical trial of the PRIMA subretinal prosthesis in patients with atrophic AMD, measuring best-corrected ETDRS VA (Clinicaltrials.gov\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT03333954\">NCT03333954<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    ).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Five patients with GA, no foveal light perception and VA of logMAR 1.3 to 1.7 in their worse-seeing \u201cstudy\u201d eye.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In patients implanted with a subretinal photovoltaic neurostimulation array containing 378 pixels of 100 \u03bcm in size, the VA was measured with and without the PRIMA system using ETDRS charts at 1 meter. The system\u2019s external components: augmented reality glasses and pocket computer, provide image processing capabilities, including zoom.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>VA using ETDRS charts with and without the system. Light sensitivity in the central visual field, as measured by Octopus perimetry. Anatomical outcomes demonstrated by fundus photography and optical coherence tomography up to 48-months post- implantation.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All five subjects met the primary endpoint of light perception elicited by the implant in the scotoma area. In one patient the implant was incorrectly inserted into the choroid. One subject died 18-months post-implantation due to study-unrelated reason. ETDRS VA results for the remaining three subjects are reported herein. Without zoom, VA closely matched the pixel size of the implant: 1.17 \u00b1 0.13 pixels, corresponding to mean logMAR 1.39, or Snellen 20\/500, ranging from 20\/438 to 20\/565. Using zoom at 48 months, subjects improved their VA by 32 ETDRS letters versus baseline (SE 5.1) 95% CI[13.4,49.9], p&lt;0.0001. Natural peripheral visual function in the treated eye did not decline after surgery compared to the fellow eye (p=0.08) during the 48 months follow-up period.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Subretinal implantation of PRIMA in subjects with GA suffering from profound vision loss due to AMD is feasible and well tolerated, with no reduction of natural peripheral vision up to 48-months. Using prosthetic central vision through photovoltaic neurostimulation, patients reliably recognized letters and sequences of letters,and with zoom it provided a clinically meaningful improvement in VA of up to eight ETDRS lines.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.11.12.23298227","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T11:25:11Z","timestamp":1699874711000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prosthetic Visual Acuity with the PRIMA System in Patients with Atrophic Age-related Macular Degeneration at 4 years follow-up"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1161-3956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MMK.","family":"Muqit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Le Mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Olmos de Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FG","family":"Holz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JA","family":"Sahel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0480-3025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Palanker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2023111520550745000_2023.11.12.23298227v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30368-6"},{"key":"2023111520550745000_2023.11.12.23298227v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023111520550745000_2023.11.12.23298227v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.4401","article-title":"Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the US in 2019","volume":"140","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2023111520550745000_2023.11.12.23298227v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.027"},{"key":"2023111520550745000_2023.11.12.23298227v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200208000-00012"},{"key":"2023111520550745000_2023.11.12.23298227v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3851"},{"key":"2023111520550745000_2023.11.12.23298227v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2012.104","article-title":"Photovoltaic retinal prosthesis with high pixel density","volume":"6","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Photonics"},{"key":"2023111520550745000_2023.11.12.23298227v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2014.09.007"},{"key":"2023111520550745000_2023.11.12.23298227v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3851"},{"key":"2023111520550745000_2023.11.12.23298227v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12835"},{"key":"2023111520550745000_2023.11.12.23298227v1.11","first-page":"389","article-title":"Spatiotemporal characteristics of retinal response to network-mediated photovoltaic stimulation","volume":"119","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2023111520550745000_2023.11.12.23298227v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2012.104","article-title":"Photovoltaic retinal prosthesis with high pixel density","volume":"6","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Photonics"},{"key":"2023111520550745000_2023.11.12.23298227v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00872.2016"},{"key":"2023111520550745000_2023.11.12.23298227v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21447-1","article-title":"Temporal structure in spiking patterns of ganglion cells defines perceptual thresholds in rodents with subretinal prosthesis","volume":"8","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep-UK"},{"key":"2023111520550745000_2023.11.12.23298227v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2014.2376528"},{"key":"2023111520550745000_2023.11.12.23298227v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho E , Lei X , Flores T , et al. 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