{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T20:33:22Z","timestamp":1768509202327,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":68,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Although vaccines have reduced COVID-19 disease burden, their efficacy in helminth infection endemic areas is not well characterized. We evaluated the impact of infection by\n                  <jats:italic>Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri<\/jats:italic>\n                  (Hpb), a murine intestinal hookworm, on the efficacy of an mRNA vaccine targeting the Wuhan-1 spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Although immunization generated similar B cell responses in Hpb-infected and uninfected mice, polyfunctional CD4\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  and CD8\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  T cell responses were markedly reduced in Hpb-infected mice. Hpb-infected and mRNA vaccinated mice were protected against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain WA1\/2020, but control of lung infection was diminished against an Omicron variant compared to animals immunized without Hpb infection. Helminth mediated suppression of spike-specific CD8\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  T cell responses occurred independently of STAT6 signaling, whereas blockade of IL-10 rescued vaccine-induced CD8\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  T cell responses. In mice, intestinal helminth infection impairs vaccine induced T cell responses via an IL-10 pathway and compromises protection against antigenically shifted SARS-CoV-2 variants.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.01.14.575588","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T21:30:13Z","timestamp":1705354213000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intestinal helminth infection impairs vaccine-induced T cell responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Pritesh","family":"Desai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Courtney E.","family":"Karl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baoling","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chieh-Yu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Garcia-Salum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe Ten","family":"Caten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Joseph F.","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sayda M.","family":"Elbashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darin K.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan P.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa B.","family":"Thackray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafick P.","family":"Sekaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8791-3165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael S.","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024011719450882000_2024.01.14.575588v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2206573"},{"key":"2024011719450882000_2024.01.14.575588v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01377-8"},{"key":"2024011719450882000_2024.01.14.575588v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00436-4"},{"key":"2024011719450882000_2024.01.14.575588v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add2897","article-title":"T cell immunity to COVID-19 vaccines","volume":"377","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024011719450882000_2024.01.14.575588v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabq7647","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abq7647","article-title":"CD8 T cells contribute to vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques","volume":"7","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2024011719450882000_2024.01.14.575588v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ying, B. , et al. 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