{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:13:17Z","timestamp":1791389597587,"version":"4.3.3"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"group-title":"Biophysics","reference-count":38,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Fluid transport through the trabecular meshwork is a major regulator of intraocular pressure in healthy and glaucomatous eyes. Existing microbead occlusion models enable\n                  <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                  study of pressure-related glaucomatous pathology, but their long-term reliability is limited by inadequate bead-tissue interface design. Inspired by the graded porous architecture and fluid-transport function of the trabecular meshwork, we develop an injectable Viscobeads platform for sustained modulation of aqueous humor outflow. These composite microbeads integrate a non-degradable polystyrene core for structural support with a biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) viscoelastic shell that improves mechanical adaptation to heterogeneous trabecular meshwork fenestrations. This biologically informed design enhances outflow obstruction and enables stable IOP elevation for at least 8 weeks after a single injection. In mice, Viscobeads induce sustained ocular hypertension (average 21.4 \u00b1 1.39 mm Hg) and lead to a 34% loss of retinal ganglion cells by day 56. Pattern electroretinogram and flash visual evoked potential measurements further reveal early retinal ganglion cell dysfunction followed by later visual pathway impairment. Beyond disease induction, this platform supports\n                  <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                  gene screening for retinal ganglion cell survival and identifies altered sleep behavior during glaucoma progression. This work establishes a materials-driven strategy for chronic ocular hypertension modeling and therapeutic evaluation.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.01.18.576306","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T13:30:18Z","timestamp":1706016618000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Biologically Driven\n                  <i>In Vivo<\/i>\n                  Occlusion Design Provides a Reliable Experimental Glaucoma Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Eunji","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinglong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Donahue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Glynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Tsekov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengwen","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sizhe","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songlin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Scale System Integration and Packaging (S3IP), Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jifu","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA"},{"name":"Integrative Neuroscience Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9840-6732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qianbin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fluid.29.1.399"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.185579"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(81)90414-9"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101004010052"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2008.11.025"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.6","unstructured":"Y. A. Ito , N. Belforte , J. L. C. Vargas , A. Di Polo , JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments) 2016, e53731; b)D. J. Calkins, W. S. Lambert, C. R. Formichella, W. M. McLaughlin, R. M. Sappington, Glaucoma: Methods and Protocols 2018, 23; c)P. A. Samsel, L. Kisiswa, J. T. Erichsen, S. D. Cross, J. E. Morgan, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2011, 52, 1671; d)W. Lambert, B. Carlson, D. Calkins, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2013, 54, 5647."},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3947"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5910","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05910","volume":"4","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scientific reports"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689717724793","volume":"27","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Transplantation"},{"key":"#cr-split#-2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.10.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Vecino , H. Urcola , A. Bayon , S. C. Sharma , Glaucoma: Methods and Protocols 2018, 41","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7407-8_4"},{"key":"#cr-split#-2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.10.2","unstructured":"b)E. Vecino, M. Gald\u00f3s, A. Bay\u00f3n, F. Rodr\u00edguez, C. Mic\u00f3, S. Sharma, Journal of Cytology & Histology 2015, 3."},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-5115"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-014-0311-y","volume":"58","year":"2014","journal-title":"Japanese journal of ophthalmology"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.06.003"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2174\/156720109787048186","volume":"6","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current drug delivery"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.09.024","volume":"105","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends in Food Science & Technology"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8121518","volume":"8","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.17","first-page":"3","volume":"1","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of ocular biology"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1134\/S1560090421030064","volume":"63","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polymer Science, Series B"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0459936"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.20","first-page":"e4829","volume":"13","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bio-protocol"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010009","volume":"25","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5550"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.23","first-page":"1","volume":"11","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1161566"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.11.004"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2020.108834"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.27","unstructured":"Y. A. Ito , N. Belforte , J. L. C. Vargas , A. Di Polo , Journal of visualized experiments: JoVE 2016, 53731."},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-014-0311-y","volume":"58","year":"2014","journal-title":"Japanese journal of ophthalmology"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.29","unstructured":"J. Zhang , L. Li , H. Huang , F. Fang , H. C. Webber , P. Zhuang , L. Liu , R. Dalal , P. H. Tang , V. B. Mahajan , Elife 2019, , e45881."},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.07.105","volume":"24","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell reports"},{"key":"#cr-split#-2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.31.1","unstructured":"A. C. Rupp , M. Ren , C. M. Altimus , D. C. Fernandez , M. Richardson , F. Turek , S. Hattar , T. M. Schmidt , elife 2019, , e44358"},{"key":"#cr-split#-2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.31.2","unstructured":"b)Z.-Z. Guo, S.-M. Jiang, L.-P. Zeng, L. Tang, N. Li, Z.-P. Xu, X. Wei, International journal of ophthalmology 2017, 10, 1163"},{"key":"#cr-split#-2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.31.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"c)C. P. Gracitelli, G. L. Duque-Chica, M. Roizenblatt, A. L. de Ara\u00fajo Moura, B. V. Nagy, G. R. de Melo, P. D. Borba, S. H. Teixeira, S. Tufik, D. F. Ventura, Ophthalmology 2015, 122, 1139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.02.030"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6836","DOI":"10.3390\/s22186836","volume":"22","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.06.002"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19316"},{"key":"2026082504151373000_2024.01.18.576306v2.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-016-9553-y"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2024.01.18.576306","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T11:15:22Z","timestamp":1787656522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2024.01.18.576306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"references-count":38,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.01.18.576306","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}