{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T07:45:00Z","timestamp":1775893500931,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"group-title":"Bioengineering","reference-count":46,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Many human proteins have been repurposed as biologics for clinical use. These proteins have been engineered with\n                  <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                  techniques that improve affinity for their ligands. However, these approaches do not select against properties that impair efficacy such as protease sensitivity or self-reactivity. Here we engineer the B-cell receptor of primary murine B cells to express a human protein biologic without disrupting their ability to affinity mature. Specifically, CD4 domains 1 and 2 (D1D2) of a half-life enhanced-HIV-1 entry inhibitor CD4-Ig (CD4-Ig-v0) were introduced into the heavy-chain loci of murine B cells, which were then adoptively transferred to wild-type mice. After immunization, transferred B cells proliferated, class switched, affinity matured, and efficiently produced D1D2-presenting antibodies. Somatic hypermutations found in the D1D2-encoding region of engrafted B cells improved binding affinity of CD4-Ig-v0 for the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) and the neutralization potency of CD4-Ig-v0 by more than ten-fold across a global panel of HIV-1 isolates, without impairing its pharmacokinetic properties. Thus, affinity maturation of non-antibody protein biologics\n                  <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                  can guide development of more effective therapeutics.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.02.03.578630","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T23:00:14Z","timestamp":1707174014000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>In vivo<\/i>\n                  affinity maturation of the HIV-1 Env-binding domain of CD4"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5302-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andi","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0200-3523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles C.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5119-2239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianling","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinge","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9105-317X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baodan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6066-9900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gogce","family":"Crynen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nickolas","family":"Skamangas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5787-2761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi","family":"Bronkema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7358-368X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huihui","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Alpert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2990-5319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Farzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024020802350858000_2024.02.03.578630v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ebrahimi, S.B. & Samanta, D . 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