{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T21:42:04Z","timestamp":1787607724797,"version":"build-2736575974"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":59,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Bacteria evolving within human hosts encounter selective tradeoffs that render mutations adaptive in one context and deleterious in another. Here, we report that the cystic fibrosis-associated pathogen\n                  <jats:italic>Burkholderia dolosa<\/jats:italic>\n                  overcomes in-human selective tradeoffs by acquiring successive point mutations that alternate phenotypes. We sequenced the whole genomes of 931 respiratory isolates from two recently infected patients and an epidemiologically-linked, chronically-infected patient. These isolates are contextualized using 112 historical genomes from the same outbreak strain. Within both newly infected patients, diverse parallel mutations that disrupt O-antigen expression quickly arose, comprising 29% and 63% of their\n                  <jats:italic>B. dolosa<\/jats:italic>\n                  communities by 3 years. The selection for loss of O-antigen starkly contrasts with our previous observation of parallel O-antigen-restoring mutations after many years of chronic infection in the historical outbreak. Experimental characterization revealed that O-antigen loss increases uptake in immune cells while decreasing competitiveness in the mouse lung. We propose that the balance of these pressures, and thus whether O-antigen expression is advantageous, depends on tissue localization and infection duration. These results suggest that mutation-driven alternation during infection may be more frequent than appreciated and is underestimated without dense temporal sampling.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.02.06.579193","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T22:00:11Z","timestamp":1707256811000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>De novo<\/i>\n                  mutations mediate phenotypic switching in an opportunistic human lung pathogen"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0723-987X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra 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