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We report 16 tandem repeats (TRs) with effects on different models of hair colour plus two TRs associated with hair colour in diverse ancestry groups. Several of these TRs expand or contract amino acid coding regions of their localized protein such that structure, and by extension function, may be altered. We also demonstrate that independent of SNP variation, these TRs can be used to great an additive polygenic score that predicts darker hair colour. This work adds to the growing body of evidence regarding TR influence on human traits with relatively large and independent effects relative to surrounding SNP variation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.02.24.581865","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T18:00:21Z","timestamp":1709143221000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multi-ancestry tandem repeat association study of hair colour using exome-wide sequencing"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Victoria","family":"Fazzari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Moo-Choy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Anne","family":"Panoyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina L","family":"Abbatangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0745-6046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Polimanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole MM","family":"Novroski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2108-6822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank R","family":"Wendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024030202050498000_2024.02.24.581865v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-083118-015230"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024030202050498000_2024.02.24.581865v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22861","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of skin, hair, and iris variation in a diverse sample of individuals and associated genetic variation","volume":"160","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"2024030202050498000_2024.02.24.581865v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07691-z"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024030202050498000_2024.02.24.581865v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04278.x","article-title":"Diversity of human hair pigmentation as studied by chemical analysis of eumelanin and pheomelanin","volume":"25","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"},{"key":"2024030202050498000_2024.02.24.581865v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(200005)112:1<17::AID-AJPA3>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024030202050498000_2024.02.24.581865v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22466","article-title":"Distribution of an allele associated with blond hair color across Northern Island Melanesia","volume":"153","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"2024030202050498000_2024.02.24.581865v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.37.110801.143233"},{"key":"2024030202050498000_2024.02.24.581865v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0100-5"},{"key":"2024030202050498000_2024.02.24.581865v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pairo-Castineira E , Cornelissen J , Rawlik K , Canela-Xandri O , Loftus SK , Pavan WJ , et al. 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