{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T20:58:22Z","timestamp":1768510702203,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"group-title":"Pharmacology and Toxicology","reference-count":96,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Substance use disorder (SUD) is a heterogeneous disorder, where severity, symptoms, and patterns of substance use vary across individuals. Yet, when rats are allowed to self-administer drugs such as cocaine under short-access conditions, their behavior tends to be well-regulated and homogeneous in nature; though individual differences can emerge when rats are provided long\u2013 or intermittent-access to cocaine. In contrast to cocaine, significant individual differences emerge when rats are allowed to self-administer 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), even under short-access conditions, wherein \u223c30% of rats rapidly transition to high levels of drug-taking. This study assessed the SUD-like phenotypes of male and female Sprague Dawley rats self-administering MDPV (0.032 mg\/kg\/infusion) or cocaine (0.32 mg\/kg\/infusion) by comparing level of drug intake, responding during periods of signaled drug unavailability, and sensitivity to footshock punishment to test the hypotheses that: (1) under short-access conditions, rats that self-administer MDPV will exhibit a more robust SUD-like phenotype than rats that self-administered cocaine; (2) female rats will have a more severe phenotype than male rats; and (3) compared to short-access, long\u2013 and intermittent-access to MDPV or cocaine self-administration will result in a more robust SUD-like phenotype. After short-access, rats that self-administered MDPV exhibited a more severe phenotype than rats that self-administered cocaine. Though long\u2013 and intermittent-access to cocaine and MDPV self-administration altered drug-taking patterns, manipulating access conditions did not systematically alter their SUD-like phenotype. Evidence from behavioral and quantitative autoradiography studies suggest that these differences are unlikely due to changes in expression levels of dopamine transporter, dopamine D\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                  or D\n                  <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                  receptors, or 5-HT\n                  <jats:sub>1B<\/jats:sub>\n                  , 5-HT\n                  <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                  , or 5-HT\n                  <jats:sub>2C<\/jats:sub>\n                  receptors, though these possibilities cannot be ruled out. These results show that the phenotype exhibited by rats self-administering MDPV differs from that observed for rats self-administering cocaine, and suggests that individuals that use MDPV and\/or related cathinones may be at greater risk for developing a SUD, and that short-access MDPV self-administration may provide a useful method to understand the factors that mediate the transition to problematic or disordered substance use in humans.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.03.04.583431","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T17:05:50Z","timestamp":1709917550000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of access condition on substance use disorder-like phenotypes in male and female rats self-administering MDPV or cocaine"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Michelle R.","family":"Doyle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina M.","family":"Beltran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark S. 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