{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T20:59:44Z","timestamp":1768510784130,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":47,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Factors that contribute to durable immunological memory remain incompletely understood. In our longitudinal analyses of CD4\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  T cell responses to the yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccine by peptide-MHC tetramers, we unexpectedly found na\u00efve phenotype virus-specific CD4\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  T cells that persisted months to years after immunization. These Marker negative T cells (T\n                  <jats:sub>MN<\/jats:sub>\n                  ) lacked CD95, CXCR3, CD11a, and CD49d surface protein expression, distinguishing them from previously discovered stem-cell memory T cells. Functionally, they resembled genuine na\u00efve T cells upon\n                  <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                  stimulation. Single-cell TCR sequencing detected expanded clonotypes within the T\n                  <jats:sub>MN<\/jats:sub>\n                  subset and identified a shared repertoire with memory and effector T cells. T cells expressing T\n                  <jats:sub>MN<\/jats:sub>\n                  -associated TCRs were rare before vaccination, suggesting their expansion following vaccination. Longitudinal tracking of YFV-specific responses over the subsequent years revealed superior stability of the T\n                  <jats:sub>MN<\/jats:sub>\n                  subset and their association with the longevity of the overall population. The identification of these long-lived, antigen-experienced T cells may inform the design of durable T cell-based vaccines and engineered T cell therapies.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.03.11.584523","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T06:25:26Z","timestamp":1710397526000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differentiation marker-negative CD4\n                  <sup>+<\/sup>\n                  T cells persist after yellow fever virus vaccination and contribute to durable memory"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Yi-Gen","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Bartolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruozhang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bijal","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Zarnitsyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024031610300560000_2024.03.11.584523v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.07.003"},{"key":"2024031610300560000_2024.03.11.584523v1.2","unstructured":"J. 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