{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T16:01:39Z","timestamp":1775923299672,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]]},"group-title":"Physiology","reference-count":103,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Tyrosine protein-kinase 2 (TYK2), a member of the Janus kinase family, mediates inflammatory signaling through multiple cytokines, including interferon-\u03b1 (IFN\u03b1), interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-23. Missense mutations in TYK2 are associated with protection against type 1 diabetes (T1D), and inhibition of TYK2 shows promise in the management of other autoimmune conditions. Here, we evaluated the effects of specific TYK2 inhibitors (TYK2is) in pre-clinical models of T1D. First, human \u03b2 cells, cadaveric donor islets, and iPSC-derived islets were treated\n                  <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                  with IFN\u03b1 in combination with a small molecule TYK2i (BMS-986165 or a related molecule BMS-986202). TYK2 inhibition prevented IFN\u03b1-induced \u03b2 cell HLA class I up-regulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and chemokine production. In co-culture studies, pre-treatment of \u03b2 cells with a TYK2i prevented IFN\u03b1-induced activation of T cells targeting an epitope of insulin.\n                  <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                  administration of BMS-986202 in two mouse models of T1D (\n                  <jats:italic>RIP-LCMV-GP<\/jats:italic>\n                  mice and NOD mice) reduced systemic and tissue-localized inflammation, prevented \u03b2 cell death, and delayed T1D onset. Transcriptional phenotyping of pancreatic islets, pancreatic lymph nodes (PLN), and spleen during early disease pathogenesis highlighted a role for TYK2 inhibition in modulating signaling pathways associated with inflammation, translational control, stress signaling, secretory function, immunity, and diabetes. Additionally, TYK2i treatment changed the composition of innate and adaptive immune cell populations in the blood and disease target tissues, resulting in an immune phenotype with a diminished capacity for \u03b2 cell destruction. Overall, these findings indicate that TYK2i has beneficial effects in both the immune and endocrine compartments in models of T1D, thus supporting a path forward for testing TYK2 inhibitors in human T1D.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.03.20.585925","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]],"date-time":"2024-03-23T20:50:16Z","timestamp":1711227016000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pharmacological inhibition of tyrosine protein-kinase 2 reduces islet inflammation and delays type 1 diabetes onset in mice"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Farooq","family":"Syed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Ballew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Chun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Preethi","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Castela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Staci A.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Namratha Shivani","family":"Chalasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia F.","family":"Thomaidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"Demine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Garrick","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Coomans de Brach\u00e8ne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Ines","family":"Alvelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorella","family":"Marselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kara","family":"Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie L.","family":"Felton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Zaldumbide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donalyn","family":"Scheuner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Decio L.","family":"Eizirik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmella","family":"Evans-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024051312250846000_2024.03.20.585925v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3581"},{"key":"2024051312250846000_2024.03.20.585925v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1604"},{"key":"2024051312250846000_2024.03.20.585925v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-010-0601-5"},{"key":"2024051312250846000_2024.03.20.585925v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.493"},{"key":"2024051312250846000_2024.03.20.585925v2.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nyaga DM , Vickers MH , Jefferies C , Perry JK , O\u2019Sullivan JM . 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