{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T02:14:04Z","timestamp":1771553644037,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":83,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) first emerged in 2012 and causes human infections in endemic regions. Most vaccines and therapeutics in development against MERS-CoV focus on the spike (S) glycoprotein to prevent viral entry into target cells. These efforts, however, are limited by a poor understanding of antibody responses elicited by infection along with their durability, fine specificity and contribution of distinct S antigenic sites to neutralization. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed S-directed binding and neutralizing antibody titers in plasma collected from individuals infected with MERS-CoV in 2017-2019 (prior to the COVID-19 pandemic). We observed that binding and neutralizing antibodies peak 1 to 6 weeks after symptom onset\/hospitalization, persist for at least 6 months, and broadly neutralize human and camel MERS-CoV strains. We show that the MERS-CoV S\n                  <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                  subunit is immunodominant and that antibodies targeting S\n                  <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                  , particularly the RBD, account for most plasma neutralizing activity. Antigenic site mapping revealed that polyclonal plasma antibodies frequently target RBD epitopes, particularly a site exposed irrespective of the S trimer conformation, whereas targeting of S\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                  subunit epitopes is rare, similar to SARS-CoV-2. Our data reveal in unprecedented details the humoral immune responses elicited by MERS-CoV infection, which will guide vaccine and therapeutic design.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.03.31.586409","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T22:35:17Z","timestamp":1712097317000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mapping immunodominant sites on the MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein targeted by infection-elicited antibodies in humans"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Amin","family":"Addetia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert J.","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaitlin R.","family":"Sprouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayed Y","family":"Asiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maha","family":"Al-Mozaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziad A","family":"Memish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abeer","family":"Alshukairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Veesler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024040507501138000_2024.03.31.586409v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030747"},{"key":"2024040507501138000_2024.03.31.586409v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13077-2"},{"key":"2024040507501138000_2024.03.31.586409v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211721"},{"key":"2024040507501138000_2024.03.31.586409v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.40.20290-en"},{"key":"2024040507501138000_2024.03.31.586409v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017"},{"key":"2024040507501138000_2024.03.31.586409v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7"},{"key":"2024040507501138000_2024.03.31.586409v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101191","article-title":"MERS-CoV Confirmation among 6,873 suspected persons and relevant Epidemiologic and Clinical Features, Saudi Arabia \u2014 2014 to 2019","volume":"41","year":"2021","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2024040507501138000_2024.03.31.586409v1.8","unstructured":"8. 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