{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T01:39:57Z","timestamp":1772156397756,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"group-title":"Infectious Diseases (except HIV\/AIDS)","reference-count":37,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Pioneering studies linking symptomatic disease and cough-mediated release of\n                  <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                  (\n                  <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                  ) established the infectious origin of tuberculosis (TB), simultaneously informing the pervasive notion that pathology is a prerequisite for\n                  <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                  transmission. Our prior work has challenged this assumption: by sampling TB clinic attendees, we detected equivalent release of\n                  <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                  -containing bioaerosols by confirmed TB patients and individuals not receiving a TB diagnosis, and we demonstrated a time-dependent reduction in\n                  <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                  bioaerosol positivity during six-months\u2019 follow-up, irrespective of anti-TB chemotherapy. Now, by extending bioaerosol sampling to a randomly selected community cohort, we show that\n                  <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                  release is common in a TB-endemic setting: of 89 participants, 79.8% (71\/89) produced\n                  <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                  bioaerosols independently of QuantiFERON-TB Gold status, a standard test for\n                  <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                  infection; moreover, during two-months\u2019 longitudinal sampling, only 2% (1\/50) were serially\n                  <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                  bioaerosol negative. These results necessitate a reframing of the prevailing paradigm of\n                  <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                  transmission and infection, and may explain the current inability to elucidate\n                  <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                  transmission networks in TB-endemic regions.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Elucidating chains of\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    transmission is limited by a dependence on linking sputum-positive tuberculosis cases. Here, we report persistent\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    bioaerosol release in the majority of a randomly selected community cohort. The contribution to tuberculosis transmission is unknown.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.04.02.24305196","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T13:45:16Z","timestamp":1712151916000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Persistent\n                  <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>\n                  bioaerosol release in a tuberculosis-endemic setting"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6456-7530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Dinkele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0824-0079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia","family":"Gessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2445-6390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4778-022X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"McKerry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6770-304X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeenat","family":"Hoosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andiswa","family":"Vazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0357-7222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronnett","family":"Seldon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5897-4196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4146-0930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Digby F.","family":"Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4276-7117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024040510000644000_2024.04.02.24305196v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2236","article-title":"The spectrum of latent tuberculosis: rethinking the biology and intervention strategies","volume":"7","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Micro"},{"key":"2024040510000644000_2024.04.02.24305196v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, A. , Mathiasen, V. 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