{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T20:57:48Z","timestamp":1768510668073,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":74,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Natural Killer (NK) cells can recognize and kill\n                  <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                  -infected cells in vitro, however their role after natural human exposure has not been well-studied. To identify\n                  <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                  -responsive NK cell populations, we analyzed the peripheral blood of healthy household contacts of active Tuberculosis (TB) cases and source community donors in an endemic region of Port-au-Prince, Haiti by flow cytometry. We observed higher CD8\u03b1 expression on NK cells in putative resistors (IGRA-contacts) with a progressive loss of these circulating cells during household-associated latent infection and disease. In vitro assays and CITE-seq analysis of CD8\u03b1\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  NK cells demonstrated enhanced maturity, cytotoxic gene expression, and response to cytokine stimulation relative to CD8\u03b1\n                  <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                  NK cells. CD8\u03b1\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  NK cells also displayed dynamic surface expression dependent on MHC I in contrast to conventional CD8\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  T cells. Together, these results support a specialized role for CD8\u03b1\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  NK cell populations during\n                  <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                  infection correlating with disease resistance.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.04.16.588542","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T23:23:01Z","timestamp":1713655381000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Loss of circulating CD8\u03b1\n                  <sup>+<\/sup>\n                  NK cells during human\n                  <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>\n                  infection"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Nezar","family":"Mehanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atul","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rimanpreet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodota","family":"Kontopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Rosati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6323-5171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nai-Kong","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Bean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Benoit Le","family":"Luduec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4952-7041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles Kyriakos","family":"Vorkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024051602051239000_2024.04.16.588542v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002152"},{"key":"2024051602051239000_2024.04.16.588542v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00359-7","article-title":"WHO\u2019s Global Tuberculosis Report 2022","volume":"4","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"2024051602051239000_2024.04.16.588542v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt246"},{"key":"2024051602051239000_2024.04.16.588542v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2011.10"},{"key":"2024051602051239000_2024.04.16.588542v2.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1714021"},{"key":"2024051602051239000_2024.04.16.588542v2.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1909953"},{"key":"2024051602051239000_2024.04.16.588542v2.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-00933-1"},{"key":"2024051602051239000_2024.04.16.588542v2.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.02.003","article-title":"T cells target TB","volume":"31","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2024051602051239000_2024.04.16.588542v2.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002052"},{"key":"2024051602051239000_2024.04.16.588542v2.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. 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