{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:50:01Z","timestamp":1787010601946,"version":"build-2736575974"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"group-title":"Infectious Diseases (except HIV\/AIDS)","reference-count":93,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Malaria remains a major public health concern with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Malaysia, the emergence of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium knowlesi<\/jats:italic>\n                    has led to a surge in zoonotic malaria cases and deaths in recent years. Signs of cerebral involvement have been observed in a non-comatose, fatal case of severe knowlesi infection, but the potential impact of this malaria species on the brain remains underexplored. To address this gap, we investigated circulating levels of brain injury, inflammation, and vascular biomarkers in a cohort of knowlesi-infected patients and controls.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Archived plasma samples from 19 patients with confirmed symptomatic knowlesi infection and 19 healthy, age-matched controls from Peninsular Malaysia were analysed. A total of 52 plasma biomarkers of brain injury, inflammation, and vascular activation were measured using Luminex and SIMOA assays. Wilcoxon tests were used to examine group differences, and biomarker profiles were explored through hierarchical clustering heatmap analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bonferroni-corrected analyses revealed significantly elevated brain injury biomarker levels in knowlesi-infected patients, including S100B (p&lt;0.0001), Tau (p=0.0007), UCH-L1 (p&lt;0.0001), \u03b1Syn (p&lt;0.0001), Park7 (p=0.0006), NRGN (p=0.0022), and TDP-43 (p=0.005). Compared to controls, levels were lower in the infected group for BDNF (p&lt;0.0001), CaBD (p&lt;0.0001), CNTN1 (p&lt;0.0001), NCAM-1 (p&lt;0.0001), GFAP (p=0.0013), and KLK6 (p=0.0126). Hierarchical clustering revealed distinct group profiles for circulating levels of brain injury and vascular activation biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Our findings highlight for the first time the impact of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium knowlesi<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection on the brain, with distinct alterations in cerebral injury and endothelial activation biomarker profiles compared to healthy controls. Further studies are warranted to investigate the pathophysiology and clinical significance of these altered surrogate markers, through both neuroimaging and long-term neurocognitive assessments.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.04.25.24306382","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T11:10:20Z","timestamp":1714129820000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>Plasmodium knowlesi<\/i>\n                  infection is associated with elevated circulating biomarkers of brain injury and endothelial activation"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Cesc","family":"Bertran-Cobo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elin","family":"Dumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naqib Rafieqin","family":"Noordin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Yee","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin KA","family":"Tetteh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Drakeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev","family":"Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yee-Ling","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel C","family":"Wassmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.1","unstructured":"WHO (2023). World Health Organization: World Malaria Report 2023."},{"issue":"9414","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15836-4","article-title":"A large focus of naturally acquired Plasmodium knowlesi infections in human beings","volume":"363","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2021.08.004","article-title":"Clinical management of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria","volume":"113","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.47665\/tb.38.3.065","article-title":"High incidence of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria compared to other human malaria species in several hospitals in Malaysia","volume":"38","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of severe Plasmodium knowlesi infection and risk factors related to severe complications compared with non-severe P. knowlesi and severe P. falciparum malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"issue":"24","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9271","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249271","article-title":"Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Plasmodium knowlesi Infection in Peninsular Malaysia, 2011 to 2018","volume":"17","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12313_2"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.8","first-page":"95","article-title":"Diagnosis of cerebral malaria: Tools to reduce Plasmodium falciparum associated mortality","volume":"13","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-023-00881-4"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad651","article-title":"Adult Cerebral Malaria: Acute and Subacute Imaging Findings, Long-term Clinical Consequences","volume":"78","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Association of severe malaria with cognitive and behavioural outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"22","year":"2023","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2961-1","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax cerebral malaria in an adult patient in Sudan","volume":"18","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.17843\/rpmesp.2022.392.10739","article-title":"Malaria cerebral con pancitopenia por Plasmodium vivax en la Amazon\u00eda peruana: reporte de caso","volume":"39","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Peru Med Exp Salud P\u00fablica"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2018.302","article-title":"Neurological Complications in Patients with Plasmodium Vivax Malaria from Karachi","volume":"48","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pakistan. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003071"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmw007"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1465328111Y.0000000040"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-1"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2021.08.001","article-title":"Knowlesi malaria: Human risk factors, clinical spectrum, and pathophysiology","volume":"113","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz011","article-title":"Deaths From Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria: Case Series and Systematic Review","volume":"69","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-04080-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab907","article-title":"Evidence of Brain Alterations in Noncerebral Falciparum Malaria","volume":"75","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2387","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1647","article-title":"Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Different Courses of Disease in Pediatric and Adult Cerebral Malaria","volume":"73","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang F , Zou ZR , Yuan D , Gong Y , Zhang L , Chen X , et al. Correlation between serum S100\u03b2 protein levels and cognitive dysfunction in patients with cerebral small vessel disease: A case-control study. Biosci Rep (2017) 37(2).","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20160446"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2022-212549"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2023.01.005"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy065"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0024"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0268","article-title":"Prevalence of Asymptomatic and\/or Low-Density Malaria Infection among High-Risk Groups in Peninsular Malaysia","volume":"103","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190434","article-title":"Validation of Plasma Proteomic Biomarkers Relating to Brain Amyloid Burden in the EMIF-Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery Cohort","volume":"74","year":"2020","journal-title":"J of Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13594","article-title":"Longitudinal decline of plasma neurofilament light levels after antiretroviral initiation in people living with HIV","volume":"293","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006457"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006432"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(19)30045-2"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0841-4"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408725102"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.617951"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14950.2","article-title":"Optimisation and standardisation of a multiplex immunoassay of diverse Plasmodium falciparum antigens to assess changes in malaria transmission using sero-epidemiology","volume":"4","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14574"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab907","article-title":"Evidence of Brain Alterations in Noncerebral Falciparum Malaria","volume":"75","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.05.009"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2138515","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.38515","article-title":"Association of Plasma Tau With Mortality and Long-term Neurocognitive Impairment in Survivors of Pediatric Cerebral Malaria and Severe Malarial Anemia","volume":"4","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.43","first-page":"277421","article-title":"Serial sampling of serum protein biomarkers for monitoring human traumatic brain injury dynamics: A systematic review","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcad323","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad323","article-title":"Blood biomarkers of neuronal injury in paediatric cerebral malaria and severe malarial anaemia","volume":"5","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2022.06.001"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.105380","article-title":"S100B and GFAP levels are significantly increased in patients with structural lesions resulting from mild traumatic brain injuries","volume":"183","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.47","first-page":"843","article-title":"Serum neurogranin measurement as a biomarker of acute traumatic brain injury","volume":"48","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.06.078","article-title":"Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Candidate Biomarkers of Neonatal Encephalopathy Severity and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes","volume":"226","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30231-X"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35677-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvad018","article-title":"Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in the Alzheimer Disease Continuum: Relationship to Other Biomarkers, Differential Diagnosis, and Prediction of Clinical Progression","volume":"69","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-327788"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7297","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0192-9","article-title":"Peripheral Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: a Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"54","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103984","article-title":"Blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in people with multiple sclerosis (MS): A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018850"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.105997"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2018.11.012","article-title":"The association between NCAM1 levels and behavioral phenotypes in children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"359","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.58","first-page":"2792884","article-title":"Decreased Serum NCAM Levels Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Vascular Dementia","volume":"2021","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-017-0329-8"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.12.006"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2387","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1647","article-title":"Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Different Courses of Disease in Pediatric and Adult Cerebral Malaria","volume":"73","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad373","article-title":"Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker of Neuronal Damage in Children With Malaria","volume":"229","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-014-0722-x"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314630"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1291-9"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-1"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109246"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2021.1953685","article-title":"Sequential dysregulated plasma levels of angiopoietins (ANG-2 and ratios of ANG-2\/ANG-1) are associated with malaria severity and mortality among hospital admitted cases in South Bastar Region of Chhattisgarh, Central India","volume":"116","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.69","first-page":"2169763","article-title":"Evaluation of Angiopoietins 1 and 2 in Malaria-Infested Children","volume":"2020","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-8-1"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E734","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004469","article-title":"Endothelial Activation, Acute Kidney Injury, and Cognitive Impairment in Pediatric Severe Malaria","volume":"48","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081363"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.73","first-page":"1","article-title":"Malaria seroepidemiology in very low transmission settings in the Peruvian Amazon","volume":"14","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002729"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-04080-3"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25456"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-327864"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2016.1144410"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318214a81f"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101984","article-title":"Association between lipocalin-2 and mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based evidence","volume":"89","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2020.09.633","article-title":"Value of peripheral neurotrophin levels for the diagnosis of depression and response to treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.235","article-title":"A meta-analysis of peripheral blood nerve growth factor levels in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"22","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"38","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22363","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000022363","article-title":"Neurofilament light chain level in traumatic brain injury: A system review and meta-analysis","volume":"99","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.04.014","article-title":"Neurofilament light chain protein in neurodegenerative dementia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"102","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24031842","article-title":"Searching for Biomarkers in the Blood of Patients at Risk of Developing Parkinson\u2019s Disease at the Prodromal Stage","volume":"24","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2021.10.015","article-title":"Can serum biomarkers be used to rule out significant intracranial pathology in emergency department patients with mild traumatic brain injury? A Systemic Review & Meta-Analysis","volume":"53","year":"2022","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20160446"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S13195-022-00961-5\/TABLES\/4"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663637","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.663637","article-title":"TDP-43 and Phosphorylated TDP-43 Levels in Paired Plasma and CSF Samples in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","volume":"12","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piz082","article-title":"Retinopathy-Positive Cerebral Malaria Is Associated With Greater Inflammation, Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown, and Neuronal Damage Than Retinopathy-Negative Cerebral Malaria","volume":"9","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz325","article-title":"Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau Protein Concentrations on Admission Are Associated With Long-term Neurologic and Cognitive Impairment in Ugandan Children With Cerebral Malaria","volume":"70","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-1"},{"key":"2024042904250742000_2024.04.25.24306382v1.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2247-z"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2024.04.25.24306382","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T19:59:19Z","timestamp":1768507159000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2024.04.25.24306382"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"references-count":93,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.04.25.24306382","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}