{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T20:47:34Z","timestamp":1768510054034,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"group-title":"Biophysics","reference-count":114,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Polyglutamine expansion (\u2265 36 residues) within the N-terminal exon-1 of Huntingtin (Httex1) leads to Huntington\u2019s disease, a neurodegenerative condition marked by the presence of intranuclear Htt inclusions. Notably, the polyglutamine tract in Httex1 is flanked by an N-terminal coiled-coil domain - N17 (17 amino acids), which undergoes self-association to promote the formation of soluble Httex1 oligomers and brings the aggregation-prone polyQ tracts in close spatial proximity. However, the mechanisms underlying the subsequent conversion of soluble oligomers into insoluble \u03b2-rich aggregates with increasing polyQ length, remain unclear. Current knowledge suggests that expansion of the polyQ tract increases its helicity, and this favors its oligomerization and aggregation. In addition, studies utilizing photocrosslinking, conformation-specific antibodies and a stable coiled-coil heterotetrametric system fused to polyQ indicate that domain \u201ccross-talk\u201d (i.e., interdomain interactions) may play a role in the emergence of toxic conformations and the conversion of Httex1 oligomers into fibrillar aggregates. Here, we performed extensive atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (aggregate time \u223c 0.7 ms) to uncover the interplay between structural transformation and domain \u201ccross-talk\u201d on the conformational ensemble and oligomerization landscape of Httex1. Notably, our MD-derived ensembles of N17-polyQ monomers validated against\n                  <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                  C NMR chemical shifts indicated that in addition to elevated \u03b1- helicity, polyQ expansion also favors transient, interdomain (N17-polyQ) interactions which result in the emergence of \u03b2-sheet conformations. Further, interdomain interactions competed with increased polyQ tract \u03b1-helicity to modulate the stability of N17-mediated dimers and thereby promoted a heterogenous dimerization landscape. Finally, we observed that the C-terminal proline-rich domain (PRD) promoted condensation of Httex1 through self-interactions involving its P\n                  <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                  \/P\n                  <jats:sub>11<\/jats:sub>\n                  tracts while also interacting with N17 to suppress its \u03b1-helicity. In summary, our study demonstrates a significant role for domain \u201ccross-talk\u201d in modulating the monomeric structural ensemble and self-assembly of Httex1.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.05.03.592468","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T15:35:12Z","timestamp":1715009712000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Transient interdomain interactions modulate the monomeric structural ensemble and self-assembly of Huntingtin Exon 1"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Priyesh","family":"Mohanty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tien 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