{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T21:41:10Z","timestamp":1768513270418,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,9]]},"group-title":"Bioengineering","reference-count":28,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Suture anchor failures can lead to revision surgeries which are costly and burdensome for patients. The durability of musculoskeletal reconstructions is therefore partly affected by the design of the suture anchors.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of the study was to quantify the strength of different suture anchors whose sizes are suitable for attaching artificial Achilles and tibialis cranialis tendons in a rabbit model, as well as determine the effect of cyclic loading on the anchoring strength.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Four anchors (two with embedded eyelet and two with raised eyelet, n=5 per group) were tested with cyclical loading (1000 cycles and 4.5 mm\/sec) and without cycling, to inform the failure loads and mode of failure of the suture anchors. An eyebolt screw with smooth eyelet was used as a control for the test groups.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    All samples in all groups completed 1000 cycles and failed via suture breakage in both test conditions. All anchors had failure loads exceeding the peak Achilles tendon force in rabbits during hopping gait. The data analysis showed an effect of anchor type on the maximum tensile force at failure (\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>max<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in all suture categories but not an effect of loading condition. Also, the Anika anchor had a significantly less adverse effect on suture strength compared to Arthrex anchor (p=0.015), IMEX anchor (p=0.004) and Jorvet anchor (p&lt;0.001). We observed a greater percentage of failure at the mid-section for the anchors with the raised eyelets compared to the anchors with embedded eyelets, which all failed at the knot.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anchors with embedded eyelets had clinically preferred mode of failure with less adverse effects on suture and, may be more reliable than anchors with raised eyelets for attaching artificial Achilles and tibialis cranialis tendons in rabbits.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.06.08.597378","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T02:40:11Z","timestamp":1717987211000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of cyclic loading on the ultimate tensile strength of small metallic suture anchors used for attaching artificial tendons in rabbits"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Obinna P.","family":"Fidelis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Yves","family":"Mulon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dustin L.","family":"Crouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024061206351117000_2024.06.08.597378v1.1","unstructured":"Arthrex Inc. 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Revolutionalizing orthopaedic surgery https:\/\/www.arthrex.com\/resources\/LB1-0235-EN\/fiberwire-braided-composite-suture?referringteam=shoulder"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024061206351117000_2024.06.08.597378v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950x.2004.04084.x","article-title":"Mechanical performance of a screw-type veterinary suture anchor subjected to single load to failure and cyclic loads","volume":"33","year":"2004","journal-title":"Veterinary surgery : VS"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024061206351117000_2024.06.08.597378v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(05)80500-6","article-title":"Suture anchor failure strength \u2013 an in vivo study","volume":"9","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arthroscopy \u2013 The Journal of Arthroscopic Study and Related Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024061206351117000_2024.06.08.597378v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-8063(95)90084-5","article-title":"The ultimate strength of suture anchors","volume":"11","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024061206351117000_2024.06.08.597378v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.04.106","article-title":"Sutures and anchors \u2013 update 2006","volume":"22","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024061206351117000_2024.06.08.597378v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2003.09.018","article-title":"Sutures and suture anchors: update 2003","volume":"19","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024061206351117000_2024.06.08.597378v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2003.50032","article-title":"The effect of suture anchor design and orientation on suture abrasion: An in vitro study","volume":"19","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery"},{"key":"2024061206351117000_2024.06.08.597378v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(97)90006-2"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024061206351117000_2024.06.08.597378v1.9","first-page":"e12370","article-title":"Initial experience with a bioresorbable polymer anchor","volume":"12","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2024061206351117000_2024.06.08.597378v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504271746"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024061206351117000_2024.06.08.597378v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.4055\/cios20317","article-title":"Biomaterials used for suture anchors in orthopedic surgery","volume":"13","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery"},{"key":"2024061206351117000_2024.06.08.597378v1.12","unstructured":"Component supply. (2024). Tensile strength of stainless steel wire https:\/\/componentsupplycompany.com\/Stainless-steel-wire-tensile-strength.php"},{"key":"2024061206351117000_2024.06.08.597378v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2003.21"},{"key":"2024061206351117000_2024.06.08.597378v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.04.29.591695"},{"key":"2024061206351117000_2024.06.08.597378v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.10.026"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024061206351117000_2024.06.08.597378v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2007.00341.x","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis of suture anchors and suture materials in the canine femur","volume":"37","year":"2008","journal-title":"Veterinary Surgery"},{"key":"2024061206351117000_2024.06.08.597378v1.17","unstructured":"IMEX Veterinary Inc. Suture Anchor Cases Examples. 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