{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T21:43:47Z","timestamp":1768513427362,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":74,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris suum<\/jats:italic>\n                    are parasitic nematodes that primarily infest the small intestines of humans and pigs, respectively. Ascariasis poses a significant threat to human health and swine health. Understanding\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    larval development is crucial for developing novel therapeutic interventions that will prevent ascariasis in both humans and pigs. This study aimed to characterize the excretory-secretory (ES) proteome of different\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris suum<\/jats:italic>\n                    larval stages (L3-egg, L3-lung, L3-trachea) to identify potential targets for intervention to prevent\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    -induced global morbidity.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Stage-specific larvae were isolated, cultured in vitro and ES-product was collected. Third-stage\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    larvae (L3) were isolated from embryonated eggs (L3-egg), isolated from the lungs of Balb\/c mice infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris suum<\/jats:italic>\n                    eggs at day 8 post infection (L3-lungs) and isolated from the trachea of Balb\/c mice infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris suum<\/jats:italic>\n                    eggs at day 12 post infection (L3-trachea). ES products were obtained by culturing larvae. Proteomic analysis was conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) and bioinformatic tools including MaxQuant, Perseus, and Andromeda, following a detailed protocol available on GitHub. The analysis encompassed peptide identification, scoring, and quantification against an organism-specific database, with subsequent quality control, correlation assessment, and differential abundance determination using the Amica algorithm.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 58 unique proteins were identified in the ES products. Fourteen proteins were common across all stages, while others were stage-specific. Principal component analysis revealed distinct protein profiles for each stage, suggesting qualitatively different proteomes. Gene ontology analysis indicated stage-specific GO enrichment of specific protein classes, such as nuclear proteins in L3-egg ES products and metabolic enzymes in L3-lung and L3-trachea ES products.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study revealed stage-specific differences in the composition of\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    ES products. Further investigation into the functional roles of these proteins and their interactions with host cells is crucial for developing novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies against ascariasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.07.03.601870","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T00:15:16Z","timestamp":1720052116000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterizing Excretory-Secretory Products Proteome Across Larval Development Stages in\n                  <i>Ascaris suum<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Sergio","family":"Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Adeniyi-Ipadeola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlie","family":"Suarez-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antrix","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan David","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8043-3177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jill E.","family":"Weatherhead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024070511100465000_2024.07.03.601870v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109062","article-title":"Study on the population evolution of Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum based on whole genome resequencing","volume":"279","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2024070511100465000_2024.07.03.601870v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJPARA.2022.10.006"},{"key":"2024070511100465000_2024.07.03.601870v1.3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Global prevalence of Ascaris infection in humans (2010\u20132021): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"2024070511100465000_2024.07.03.601870v1.4","first-page":"327","article-title":"Prevalence of giardiasis and intestinal parasites in pre-school children from homes being attended as part of a state programme in Armenia, Colombia","volume":"7","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Salud Publica (Bogota"},{"key":"2024070511100465000_2024.07.03.601870v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(17)31930-x"},{"key":"2024070511100465000_2024.07.03.601870v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(01)48008-0"},{"key":"2024070511100465000_2024.07.03.601870v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.3183"},{"key":"2024070511100465000_2024.07.03.601870v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.09.119"},{"key":"2024070511100465000_2024.07.03.601870v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001621"},{"key":"2024070511100465000_2024.07.03.601870v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089680"},{"key":"2024070511100465000_2024.07.03.601870v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32123-7"},{"key":"2024070511100465000_2024.07.03.601870v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0171-3"},{"key":"2024070511100465000_2024.07.03.601870v1.13","unstructured":"Ascariasis \u2014 Level 4 cause | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/results\/gbd_summaries\/2019\/ascariasis-level-4-cause. 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