{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T21:39:00Z","timestamp":1768513140820,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":78,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                  is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite that can reside long-term within hosts as intracellular tissue cysts comprised of chronic stage bradyzoites. To perturb chronic infection requires a better understanding of the cellular processes that mediate parasite persistence. Macroautophagy\/autophagy is a catabolic and homeostatic pathway that is required for\n                  <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                  chronic infection, although the molecular details of this process remain poorly understood. A key step in autophagy is the initial formation of the phagophore that sequesters cytoplasmic components and matures into a double-membraned autophagosome for delivery of the cargo to a cell\u2019s digestive organelle for degradative recycling. While\n                  <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                  appears to have a reduced repertoire of autophagy proteins, it possesses a putative phospholipid scramblase, TgATG9. Through structural modeling and complementation assays, we show herein that TgATG9 can partially rescue bulk autophagy in\n                  <jats:italic>atg9\u0394<\/jats:italic>\n                  yeast. We demonstrated the importance of TgATG9 for proper autophagosome dynamics at the subcellular level using three-dimensional live cell lattice light sheet microscopy. Conditional knockdown of TgATG9 in\n                  <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                  after bradyzoite differentiation resulted in markedly reduced parasite viability. Together, our findings provide insights into the molecular dynamics of autophagosome biogenesis within an early-branching eukaryote and pinpoint the indispensable role of autophagy in maintaining\n                  <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                  chronic infection.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.07.08.602581","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:15:32Z","timestamp":1720570532000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TgATG9 is required for autophagosome biogenesis and maintenance of chronic infection in\n                  <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8058-1743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pariyamon","family":"Thaprawat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric C.","family":"Rentchler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6778-1962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengrong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shreya","family":"Chalasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0586-6095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Giuliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5237-1095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Lourido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4154-5210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manlio","family":"Di Cristina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7828-8118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Klionsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6859-8895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vern B.","family":"Carruthers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024071122200931000_2024.07.08.602581v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.01.005"},{"key":"2024071122200931000_2024.07.08.602581v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X"},{"key":"2024071122200931000_2024.07.08.602581v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2012.693197"},{"key":"2024071122200931000_2024.07.08.602581v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.02.001"},{"key":"2024071122200931000_2024.07.08.602581v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Layton J , Theiopoulou DC , Rutenberg D , et al. 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