{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:18:47Z","timestamp":1787167127214,"version":"build-2736575974"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":77,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The cerebellum plays a key role in motor adaptation by driving trial-to-trial recalibration of movements based on previous errors. In primates, cortical correlates of adaptation are encoded already in the pre-movement motor plan, but these early cortical signals could be driven by a cerebellar-to-cortical information flow or evolve independently through intracortical mechanisms. To address this question, we trained female macaque monkeys to reach against a viscous force field (FF) while blocking cerebellar outflow. The cerebellar block led to impaired FF adaptation and a compensatory, re-aiming-like shift in motor cortical preparatory activity. In the null-field conditions, the cerebellar block altered neural preparatory activity by increasing task-representation dimensionality and impeding generalization. A computational model indicated that low-dimensional (cerebellar-like) feedback is sufficient to replicate these findings. We conclude that cerebellar signals carry task structure information that constrains the dimensionality of the cortical preparatory manifold and promotes generalization. In the absence of these signals, cortical mechanisms are harnessed to partially restore adaptation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.07.12.603354","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T21:45:13Z","timestamp":1721166313000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cerebellar output shapes cortical preparatory activity during motor adaptation"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4298-7395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"Israely","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0911-0823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Ninou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ori","family":"Rajchert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Elmaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0165-7114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ran","family":"Harel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1005-194X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Firas","family":"Mawase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3970-5684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Kadmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1988-8794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifat","family":"Prut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c170043"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-060909-153135"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.3","first-page":"10","article-title":"Internal models for motor control and trajectory planning","volume":"9","year":"1999","journal-title":"Current opinion in neurobiology"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(97)01113-3"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhj087"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0136-y"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1783"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35037588"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4531"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0228-8"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03541-0."},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210100787"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00808.2016"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.5.2108"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2622-06.2006"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14734220410019057"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-013-3662-6"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-017-0879-0"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(95)00002-D"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2316294121"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.02.049"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1097"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.09.030"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4596"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04329-x"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.01.040"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)01028-0"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.05.022"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0633-x"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01453-x"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.04.100"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00745.2012"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00654.2011"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00622.2002"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.01.019"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7569931"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1253138"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-01036-x"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12742"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/214262"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2016.00011"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.031"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36583-0"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35658-8"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.02.005"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00557.2003"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/JMBR.36.1.28-38"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-010-0201-x"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2006.08.016"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00451.2017"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1874-05.2005"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040179"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00007.2011"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00943.2004"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(98)01224-8"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0002-7"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1153-12.2012"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.05.025"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06560-z"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13665"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1742-04.2004"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131268"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2004.04.003"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2019.04.010"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0381-8"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-07006-3"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110803"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2012658118"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.04.035"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.07.005"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.71","first-page":"16677","article-title":"Predictive coding in balanced neural networks with noise, chaos and delays","volume":"33","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1010593"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-C.1972.223477"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.03.009"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.07.003"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.89131"},{"key":"2025030505200473000_2024.07.12.603354v2.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.07.018"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2024.07.12.603354","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T06:43:06Z","timestamp":1768459386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2024.07.12.603354"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"references-count":77,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.07.12.603354","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57832-4","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}