{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T10:57:03Z","timestamp":1789124223855,"version":"build-2803163510"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"group-title":"Genomics","reference-count":50,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":["R03OD036498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03OD036498"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["1OT2OD030162-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1OT2OD030162-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["U2C HD109731 \u2013 08S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2C HD109731 \u2013 08S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cure Search for Children\u2019s Cancer Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pediatric brain tumors are the leading cause of disease-related mortality in children, yet many aggressive tumors lack effective therapies. RNA splicing is a hallmark of cancer, but it has not yet been systematically studied in pediatric brain tumors.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We analyzed 729 pediatric brain tumors spanning histologies and molecular subtypes to quantify differential tumor splicing. We developed the\n                    <jats:italic>Splicing Burden Index (SBI)<\/jats:italic>\n                    to enable cross-sample comparisons and performed hierarchical clustering of highly variable splice events to define splicing-informed tumor groups. These were integrated with clinical outcomes, pathway activity, and proteogenomic data. Recurrent splice events were prioritized for predicted functional impact, and\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    perturbation studies were performed targeting the splicing kinase\n                    <jats:italic>CDC-like kinase 1 (CLK1)<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    SBI revealed substantial inter- and intra-histology heterogeneity. Clusters were enriched for histologies and molecular subtypes, several of which were independently associated with survival beyond histology and clinical covariates. Spliceosome pathway activity varied across clusters and was associated with worse survival, yet was not correlated with SBI, indicating distinct dimensions of splicing dysregulation. Functional prioritization identified a recurrent in\n                    <jats:italic>CLK1<\/jats:italic>\n                    exon 4, required for canonical kinase activity.\n                    <jats:italic>CLK1<\/jats:italic>\n                    exon 4 inclusion followed an oncofetal pattern and showed context-dependent associations with outcome distinct from total\n                    <jats:italic>CLK1<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression. Pharmacologic inhibition and exon 4-specific perturbation of\n                    <jats:italic>CLK1<\/jats:italic>\n                    reduced tumor cell viability and disrupted cancer-relevant splicing and transcriptional programs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study systematically characterizes splicing in pediatric brain tumors, identifies splicing-informed subgroups, and prioritizes\n                    <jats:italic>CLK1<\/jats:italic>\n                    exon 4 as an oncofetal tumor-specific event, motivating further preclinical exploration.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec id=\"s1\">\n                  <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:list list-type=\"simple\">\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>\u25cf Splicing analysis of 729 pediatric CNS tumors identifies splicing-defined clusters.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        \u25cf\n                        <jats:italic>CLK1<\/jats:italic>\n                        exon 4 inclusion is widespread and developmentally regulated.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        \u25cf Exon-level\n                        <jats:italic>CLK1<\/jats:italic>\n                        regulation shows context-dependent links to prognosis in aggressive CNS tumors.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <\/jats:list>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.08.03.606419","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T22:30:15Z","timestamp":1722983415000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Alternative splicing in pediatric central nervous system tumors highlights oncofetal candidate\n                  <i>CLK1<\/i>\n                  exon 4"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0625-666X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ammar S.","family":"Naqvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4886-8883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia J.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3478-0784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Corbett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Sehgal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2064-6947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina L.","family":"Conkrite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5534-6904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Komal S.","family":"Rathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian M.","family":"Ennis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina E","family":"Hayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0743-5379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6782-1442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2032-4358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Sickler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8526-5694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam A.","family":"Kraya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaleem L.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Dybas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6883-0691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuangzhuang","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Blackden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0358-6866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shehbeel","family":"Arif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Chroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9352-1312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditya","family":"Lahiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5538-7295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madison L.","family":"Hollawell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip B.","family":"Storm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia","family":"Haydar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8001-5960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica B.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3857-6633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Koptyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7200-8939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon J.","family":"Diskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2739-2206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei","family":"Thomas-Tikhonenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0436-4189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam C.","family":"Resnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2171-3627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo Lynne","family":"Rokita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13236099"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.08.017"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28253-4"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.116099","article-title":"NRCAM variant defined by microexon skipping is a targetable cell surface proteoform in high-grade gliomas","volume":"44","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-024-01460-5"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1650-0"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26936-y"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-023-02555-z","article-title":"Analysis of 200 unrelated individuals with a constitutional NF1 deep intronic pathogenic variant reveals that variants flanking the alternatively spliced NF1 exon 31 [23a] cause a classical neurofibromatosis type 1 phenotype while altering predominantly NF1 isoform type II","volume":"142","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. Genet"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2015.3"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1228186"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01072-8"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa273"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.080107.124"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2025.101292","article-title":"Targeting CLK1\/SRSF7 axis-dependent alternative splicing sensitizes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to chemotherapy and immunotherapy","volume":"83","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updat"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-025-02091-w","article-title":"Pharmacological CLK inhibition disrupts SR protein function and RNA splicing blocking cell growth and migration in TNBC","volume":"27","year":"2025","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2021-CT112"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.17","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.Gov https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05084859."},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Scott , J. Call , S. Chandana , E. Borazanci , G. Falchook , R. Bordoni , S. Richey , A. Starodub , V. Chung , N. Lakhani , E. Lam , K. Schaffer , J. Wang , G. Shapiro , J. Sachdev , D. Beaupre and A. Tolcher (2022). Preliminary Evidence of Clinical Activity from Phase 1 and 1b Trials of the CLK\/DYRK Inhibitor Cirtuvivint (CIRT) in Subjects with Advanced Solid Tumors.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.07.580"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-151305"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.04.04.535570"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giaf093"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xgen.2023.100340"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1419161111"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-0959-7"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27293-5"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.10.044"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb1209"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2012.02356.x"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2011-4464"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/023010"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(01)00409-9"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-022-02789-6"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201107093"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.10288"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20140494"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1972.45","article-title":"Foetal antigens and their role in the diagnosis and clinical management of human neoplasms: a review","volume":"26","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2004-5-2-r8"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GENE.2018.05.095"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.10.5996"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.03.007"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/o03-077"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-020-00992-9","article-title":"Global activation of oncogenic pathways underlies therapy resistance in diffuse midline glioma","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-13-0253"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604473"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12912"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.46","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute (.gov) (2016). https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/research\/participate\/clinical-trials-search\/v?id=NCI-2024-05326&loc=0&q=SM08502&rl=1."},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2024-5944"},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.48","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute (.gov) (2016). https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/research\/participate\/clinical-trials-search\/v?id=NCI-2024-06415&loc=0&q=clk&rl=1."},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.49","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute (.gov) (2016). https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/research\/participate\/clinical-trials-search\/v?id=NCI-2023-02412&r=1."},{"key":"2026020421020147000_2024.08.03.606419v6.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-025-02623-4"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2024.08.03.606419","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T05:09:09Z","timestamp":1782277749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2024.08.03.606419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"references-count":50,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.08.03.606419","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1093\/neuped\/wuag009","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}