{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T15:38:53Z","timestamp":1776440333317,"version":"3.51.2"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"group-title":"Biophysics","reference-count":85,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Invasive aspergillosis poses a significant threat to immunocompromised patients, leading to high mortality rates associated with these infections. Targeting the biosynthesis of cell wall carbohydrates is a promising strategy for antifungal drug development and will be advanced by a molecular-level understanding of the native structures of polysaccharides within their cellular context. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy has recently provided detailed insights into the cell wall organization of\n                  <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                  , but genetic and biochemical evidence highlights species-specific differences among\n                  <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                  species. In this study, we employed a combination of\n                  <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                  C,\n                  <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                  N, and\n                  <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                  H-detection solid-state NMR, supplemented by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP), to compare the structural organization of cell wall polymers and their assembly in the cell walls of\n                  <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                  and\n                  <jats:italic>A. nidulans<\/jats:italic>\n                  , both of which are key model organisms and human pathogens. The two species exhibited a similar rigid core architecture, consisting of chitin, \u03b1-glucan, and \u03b2-glucan, which contributed to comparable cell wall properties, including polymer dynamics, water retention, and supramolecular organization. However, differences were observed in the chitin, galactosaminogalactan, protein, and lipid content, as well as in the dynamics of galactomannan and the structure of the glucan matrix.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.08.13.607833","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T20:35:16Z","timestamp":1723840516000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Polysaccharide and Cell Wall Structure in\n                  <i>Aspergillus nidulans<\/i>\n                  and\n                  <i>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/i>\n                  by Solid-State NMR"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6648-753X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isha","family":"Gautam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayasubba Reddy","family":"Yarava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reina","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faith J.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Mentink-Vigier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Momany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Latg\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja806306e"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13575.x"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10858-023-00415-6","article-title":"1H-detected characterization of carbon\u2013carbon networks in highly flexible protonated biomolecules using MAS NMR","volume":"77","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biomol. NMR"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/002689798166215"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja507382j"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9738","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00776","article-title":"Dynamic Nuclear Polarization for Sensitivity Enhancement in Biomolecular Solid-State NMR","volume":"122","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Rev"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2614(80)80041-8"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.2.377-383.1992"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.9","first-page":"66","article-title":"Studying intact bacterial peptidoglycan by proton-detected NMR spectroscopy at 100 kHz MAS frequency","volume":"206","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.9.3001-3012.2002"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.11","first-page":"688","volume":"588","year":"2020","journal-title":"Galactosaminogalactan activates the inflammasome to provide host protection Nature"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2007.05.016","article-title":"The refocused INADEQUATE MAS NMR experiment in multiple spin-systems: interpreting observed correlation peaks and optimising lineshapes","volume":"188","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20191084","article-title":"Biomolecular complex viewed by dynamic nuclear polarization solid-state NMR spectroscopy","volume":"48","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26749-z"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.618389"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.005791"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c01043"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA120.015201"},{"issue":"24","key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.19","first-page":"12B","article-title":"Proton assisted recoupling and protein structure determination","volume":"129","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2024.1007.1003"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denning, D. W . (1998). Invasive aspergillosis. Clinical infectious diseases, 781\u2013803.","DOI":"10.1086\/513943"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-41024-50799-41468"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10804","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.7b08934","article-title":"Proton-Assisted Recoupling (PAR) in Peptides and Proteins","volume":"121","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2003.06.001"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.3c06839","article-title":"Selective Detection of Intermediate-Amplitude Motion by Solid-State NMR","volume":"128","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2018.01.015","article-title":"A quasi-optical and corrugated waveguide microwave transmission system for simultaneous dynamic nuclear polarization NMR on two separate 14.1 T spectrometers","volume":"289","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcsw.2020.100046","article-title":"Characterization of the cell wall of a mushroom forming fungus at atomic resolution using solid-state NMR spectroscopy","volume":"6","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Surf"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja054411x"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727053","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.727053","article-title":"Structural polymorphism of chitin and chitosan in fungal cell walls from solid-state NMR and principal component analysis","volume":"8","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.30","first-page":"100070","article-title":"Solid-state NMR analysis of unlabeled fungal cell walls from Aspergillus and Candida species","volume":"6","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol. X"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7082","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42693-6","article-title":"Structural organization of the cell wall of halophilic fungi","volume":"14","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002372"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04341"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.09.29"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10030219","article-title":"New Vision of Cell Walls in Aspergillus fumigatus from Solid-State NMR","volume":"10","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00669"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.37","first-page":"FUNK-0035-2016","article-title":"The Fungal Cell Wall: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Function","volume":"5","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00796-9","article-title":"Architecture of the dynamic fungal cell wall","volume":"21","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04912-3"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3761470"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.41","first-page":"579","article-title":"Characterization of Aspergillus nidulans \u03b1-glucan synthesis: roles for two synthases and two amylases","volume":"91","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx090","article-title":"Overexpression of Aspergillus nidulans \u03b1-1,3-glucan synthase increases cellular adhesion and causes cell wall defects","volume":"56","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Mycol"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis473"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12665"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2013.04.009"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.47","first-page":"5","article-title":"Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and related genera (Eurotiales): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species","volume":"27","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stud. Mycol"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05199-0"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10858-020-00304-2"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28165-3","article-title":"Carbohydrate-aromatic interface and molecular architecture of lignocellulose","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcsw.2023.100108","article-title":"Binding of micro-nutrients to the cell wall of the fungus Schizophyllum commune","volume":"10","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Surf"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201100087"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2212003120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2212003120","article-title":"Solid-state NMR molecular snapshots of Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall architecture during a conidial morphotype transition","volume":"120","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.2.310"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05872.x"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.56","first-page":"99","article-title":"The Cell Wall of the Human Fungal Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus: Biosynthesis, Organization, Immune Response, and Virulence","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00140-18"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0114522","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01145-22","article-title":"Modern Biophysics Redefines Our Understanding of Fungal Cell Wall Structure, Complexity, and Dynamics","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.59","first-page":"6","article-title":"Is solid-state NMR enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization?","volume":"66","year":"2015","journal-title":"Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005187"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja992272b"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja203736z"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10858-014-9875-6","article-title":"Combined zero-quantum and spin-diffusion mixing for efficient homonuclear correlation spectroscopy under fast MAS: broadband recoupling and detection of long-range correlations","volume":"61","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomol. NMR"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00918"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2364(89)90152-2"},{"issue":"34","key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21824","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CP03457D","article-title":"Nuclear depolarization and absolute sensitivity in magic-angle spinning cross effect dynamic nuclear polarization","volume":"17","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar300348n"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2003.11.009"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00304-10"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1439-7633(20010401)2:4<272::AID-CBIC272>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.11.19"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.72","first-page":"661","article-title":"Fast MAS 1H-13C correlation NMR for structural investigations of plant cell walls","volume":"73","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.8b00039","article-title":"Direct Determination of Hydroxymethyl Conformations of Plant Cell Wall Cellulose Using 1 H Polarization Transfer Solid-State NMR","volume":"19","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.74","first-page":"4","volume":"2021","year":"2021","journal-title":"Solid-state NMR spectroscopy"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202202616","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202202616","article-title":"Probing Cell-Surface Interactions in Fungal Cell Walls by High-Resolution 1H-Detected Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy","volume":"29","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Euro. J"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117336"},{"issue":"41","key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11058","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201304657","article-title":"Highly efficient, water-soluble polarizing agents for dynamic nuclear polarization at high frequency","volume":"125","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2364(83)90207-X"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13902"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.80","first-page":"a019786","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus and related species","volume":"6","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2024.107708","article-title":"MAS NMR experiments of corynebacterial cell walls: Complementary 1H- and CPMAS CryoProbe-enhanced 13C-detected experiments","volume":"364","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mag. Reson"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10858-014-9889-0"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja504108h"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4110","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CC01149A","article-title":"Faster magic angle spinning reveals cellulose conformations in woods","volume":"57","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Commun"},{"key":"2024082001100947000_2024.08.13.607833v1.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2008.01.012"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2024.08.13.607833","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T06:52:35Z","timestamp":1768459955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2024.08.13.607833"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"references-count":85,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.08.13.607833","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122907","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}