{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T08:44:10Z","timestamp":1770972250778,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":47,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Leptospira borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\n                  commonly causes human leptospirosis, including severe disease. The first published analysis of\n                  <jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\n                  , performed on two strains of serovar Hardjo (L550 and JB197), concluded that the\n                  <jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\n                  genome is in the process of genome decay with functional consequences leading to a more obligately host-dependent life cycle. Yet whole genome analysis has only been carried out on few strains of\n                  <jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\n                  , with limited closed genomes and comprehensive analysis. Herein we report the complete, circularized genomes of seven non-Hardjo\n                  <jats:italic>Leptospira borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\n                  isolates from human leptospirosis patients in Sri Lanka. These isolates (all ST144) were found to be nearly identical by whole genome analysis; serotyping showed they are a novel serovar. We show that the\n                  <jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\n                  isolated from humans in Sri Lanka are less genomically decayed than previously reported isolates: fewer pseudogenes (N=141) and Insertion Sequence (IS) elements (N=46) compared to N=248, N=270, and N=400 pseudogenes, and N=121 and N=116 IS elements in published\n                  <jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\n                  Hardjo genomes (L550, JB197 and TC112). Compared to previously published\n                  <jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\n                  whole genome analyses showing two to three VM proteins in\n                  <jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\n                  isolates from cattle, rats and humans, we found that all of the human\n                  <jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\n                  isolates from Sri Lanka, including previously reported serovar Piyasena, have 4 encoded VM proteins, one ortholog of\n                  <jats:italic>L. interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n                  Copenhageni LIC12339 and 3 orthologs of LIC12844. Our findings of fewer pseudogenes, IS elements and expansion of the LIC12844 homologs of the PF07598 family in these human isolates suggests that this newly identified\n                  <jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\n                  serovar from Sri Lanka has unique pathogenicity. Comparative genome analysis and experimental studies of these\n                  <jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\n                  isolates will enable deeper insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of leptospirosis pathogenesis.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Author Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Leptospirosis is an emerging bacterial zoonosis worldwide.\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\n                    predominates as the cause of human leptospirosis in some agricultural contexts. We address here the relatively neglected comparative genome analysis of\n                    <jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We show here that\n                    <jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolated from humans in Sri Lanka have less genome reduction compared to available cattle isolates and have novel virulence characteristics compared to isolates from other animals including cattle and rats.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.09.17.613401","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T23:50:15Z","timestamp":1726617015000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genomic Analysis of Human-infecting\n                  <i>Leptospira borgpetersenii<\/i>\n                  isolates in Sri Lanka: expanded PF07598 gene family repertoire, less overall genome reduction than bovine isolates"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Indika","family":"Senavirathna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinesha","family":"Jayasundara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janith","family":"Warnasekara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suneth","family":"Agampodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellie J.","family":"Putz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jarlath E.","family":"Nally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darrell O.","family":"Bayles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reetika","family":"Chaurasia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8344-2004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Vinetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024092019400510000_2024.09.17.613401v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vinetz JM , Chetrick AN , Steimel KE , Devillers CE , Excler J-L , Kim JH , et al. 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