{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T15:12:21Z","timestamp":1788534741765,"version":"build-2803163510"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":57,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The autonomic nervous system orchestrates the brain and body functions through the sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways. However, our understanding of the autonomic system, especially the sympathetic system, at the cellular and molecular levels is severely limited. Here, we show unique topological representations of individual visceral organs in the major abdominal sympathetic ganglion complex. Using multi-modal transcriptomic analyses, we identified distinct sympathetic populations that are both molecularly and spatially separable in the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglia (CG-SMG). Notably, individual CG-SMG populations exhibit selective and mutually exclusive axonal projections to visceral organs, targeting either the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or secretory areas including the pancreas and bile tract. This combinatorial innervation pattern suggests functional segregation between different CG-SMG populations. Indeed, our neural perturbation experiments demonstrated that one class of neurons selectively regulates GI food transit. Another class of neurons controls digestion and glucagon secretion independent of gut motility. These results reveal the molecularly diverse sympathetic system and suggest modular regulations of visceral organ functions through distinct sympathetic populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.09.19.613934","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T20:30:19Z","timestamp":1726864219000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Organ-specific Sympathetic Innervation Defines Visceral Functions"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Tongtong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bochuan","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dickson R.","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00677-w","article-title":"Role of the gut-brain axis in energy and glucose metabolism","volume":"54","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04760-8","article-title":"Molecularly defined circuits for cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary control","volume":"606","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06680-7"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-031220-095215"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-023-00785-8","article-title":"Neural circuits of long-term thermoregulatory adaptations to cold temperatures and metabolic demands","volume":"25","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.03.022"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11158-0"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CMET.2020.12.018"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04359-5"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.07.007"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05829-8","article-title":"Gut enterochromaffin cells drive visceral pain and anxiety","volume":"616","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1916.sp001751","article-title":"Sketch of the progress of discovery in the eighteenth century as regards the autonomic nervous system","volume":"50","year":"1916","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1902"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53491-0.00002-X","article-title":"Differential responses of components of the autonomic nervous system","volume":"117","year":"2013","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.10.015"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00532-x"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.05.004","article-title":"Highly selective brain-to-gut communication via genetically defined vagus neurons","volume":"109","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.18","first-page":"914","article-title":"Sensory substance P innervation of the stomach and pancreas. Demonstration of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons in the rat by combined immunohistochemistry and retrograde tracing","volume":"87","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.57.139","article-title":"Locations and chemistries of sympathetic nerve cells that project to the gastrointestinal tract and spleen","volume":"57","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Histol Cytol"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.64.281"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R328","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00079.2021","article-title":"Sympathetic innervation of the mouse kidney and liver arising from prevertebral ganglia","volume":"321","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-023-00729-2"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00523-y"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091230409","article-title":"Components of periarterial extensions of celiac and mesenteric plexuses","volume":"123","year":"1955","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2474-7"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s415 86-019-1049-y"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4376"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mapps, A. A. et al. Diversity of satellite glia in sympathetic and sensory ganglia. Cell Rep 38, 110328 (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110328"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumari, R. , et al. Sympathetic NPY controls glucose homeostasis, cold tolerance, and cardiovascular functions in mice. Cell Reports 43, (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.113674"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.06-08-02371.1986"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(88)90118-2"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(95)00128-X"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24705"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.10.031"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEURON.2020.07.026"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.004"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.22397"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4107"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.39","first-page":"1339","article-title":"Central Nervous System Control of Gastrointestinal Motility and Secretion and Modulation of Gastrointestinal Functions","volume":"4","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.40","first-page":"G775","article-title":"Regulation of bile secretion by sympathetic nerves in perfused rat liver","volume":"261","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107292"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-121-1-323"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.107","article-title":"The bowel and beyond: the enteric nervous system in neurological disorders","volume":"13","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.07.006"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.45","unstructured":"Cannon, W. B. The Wisdom of the Body, 2nd Ed. (Norton & Co., Oxford, England, 1939)."},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-199101000-00009"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(92)90092-M"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.281.3.R683"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0796-10.2010"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1517275113"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2821-8"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.52","unstructured":"VoxelMorph: A Learning Framework for Deformable Medical Image Registration | IEEE Journals & Magazine | IEEE Xplore. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8633930."},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.53","unstructured":"Dalca, A. , Rakic, M. , Guttag, J. & Sabuncu, M . Learning Conditional Deformable Templates with Convolutional Networks. in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems vol. 32 (Curran Associates, Inc., 2019)."},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00374726"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-023-02003-w","article-title":"Recovery of missing single-cell RNA-sequencing data with optimized transcriptomic references","volume":"20","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolf, F. A. , Angerer, P. & Theis, F. J . SCANPY: large-scale single-cell gene expression data analysis. Genome Biology 19, 15 (2018).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-017-1382-0"},{"key":"2024092405250764000_2024.09.19.613934v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0619-0"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2024.09.19.613934","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T07:05:12Z","timestamp":1768460712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2024.09.19.613934"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"references-count":57,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.09.19.613934","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08269-0","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}