{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T13:20:17Z","timestamp":1768569617651,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]]},"group-title":"Orthopedics","reference-count":55,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is a leading cause of disability with disproportionately high impacts on marginalized populations, including non-English-preferring patients. These patients face significant barriers to accessing care and adhering to self-management strategies due to language barriers, socioeconomic challenges, and cultural differences. Despite the emphasis on self-management for cLBP, limited research has focused on understanding the specific needs and preferences of Spanish- and Cantonese-preferring patients.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to explore the self-management priorities of Spanish- and Cantonese-preferring patients with cLBP. Using a human-centered design approach, we sought to identify patient preferences for self-management support materials and strategies that could be tailored to their unique needs.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Qualitative research using thematic analysis of focus groups conducted in participants\u2019 preferred language.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Urban, academic-affiliated county hospital between March and May 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Spanish- and Cantonese-preferring patients with cLBP<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main outcome<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Key themes in participants\u2019 experiences with cLBP care, barriers to self-management, and preferences for educational materials.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fifteen patients participated across six focus groups (three focus group in each language). Four primary themes emerged from the focus groups: (1) the need for empathic, tailored educational supports that fit into patients\u2019 lives, (2) a desire for self-management plans that account for social and economic constraints, (3) recognition of mental health and social isolation as factors that influence cLBP experience, and (4) a need for clearer guidance on self-management strategies and trustworthy resources. Both Spanish- and Cantonese-preferring participants expressed a preference for video-based resources, plain-language materials, and support for understanding the causes and management of their pain.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Spanish- and Cantonese-preferring patients with cLBP face significant barriers to self-management and would benefit from culturally and linguistically appropriate resources. This study highlights the need for healthcare systems to develop and deliver tailored, accessible self-management support materials that address the unique challenges faced by minoritized populations. Human-centered design offers a promising approach to reducing disparities in cLBP outcomes by creating patient-driven solutions that prioritize empathy, practicality, and cultural relevance.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.09.27.24314504","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T17:35:13Z","timestamp":1727544913000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Empowering Self-Management for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Human-Centered Design Study of Spanish- and Cantonese-Preferring Patients in the United States"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"De Marchis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Yeager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Del Rosario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Nagao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tigist","family":"Belaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Gallegos-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei-Chun","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Vallejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gendelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Lotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conor","family":"O\u2019Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the REACH investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024120504503045000_2024.09.27.24314504v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7."},{"key":"2024120504503045000_2024.09.27.24314504v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0158"},{"key":"2024120504503045000_2024.09.27.24314504v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003174"},{"key":"2024120504503045000_2024.09.27.24314504v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.08.005"},{"key":"2024120504503045000_2024.09.27.24314504v2.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001097"},{"key":"2024120504503045000_2024.09.27.24314504v2.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-018-3291-y"},{"key":"2024120504503045000_2024.09.27.24314504v2.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.10.002"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024120504503045000_2024.09.27.24314504v2.8","first-page":"277","article-title":"The Unequal Burden of Pain: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Pain. 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