{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T23:14:19Z","timestamp":1768518859177,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":50,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Group 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2s) are prevalent in small intestine but engagement of type 2 immunity during basal processes are incompletely described. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine implicated in ILC2 activation, was constitutively expressed in villus telocytes and crypt-associated trophocytes, specialized fibroblasts that sustain epithelial identity. Feeding increased TSLP and induced ILC2 type 2 cytokines that were attenuated by deletion of TSLP in PDGFR\u03b1\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  stromal cells or TSLP receptor on ILC2s. Mouse and human telocytes expressed receptors for glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), which is released by enteroendocrine cells (EECs) after eating. GLP-2 induced intestinal TSLP, TSLP-dependent ILC2 cytokine production, and tuft cell hyperplasia. The telocyte-alarmin relay couples EEC nutrient detection with amplification of a tuft cell chemosensory circuit that diversifies surveillance of ingested cargo.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>One-Sentence Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intestinal telocyte TSLP relays signals from enteroendocrine cells to ILC2s to amplify the tuft cell circuit in response to feeding.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.10.14.618111","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T21:30:11Z","timestamp":1729200611000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Telocytes link epithelial nutrient sensing with amplification of the ILC2-tuft cell circuit"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Chang","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-En","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Drucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong-Erh","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard 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