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Maternal urinary tract infection (UTI) during pregnancy increases risk for preterm birth; however, biological processes mediating UTI-associated preterm birth are not well-described. We established a murine maternal UTI model in which challenge with uropathogenic\n                  <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                  resulted in preterm birth in about half of dams. Dams experiencing preterm birth displayed excessive bladder inflammation and altered uteroplacental T cell polarization compared to non-laboring infected dams, with no differences in bacterial burdens. Additional factors associated with preterm birth included higher proportions of male fetuses and lower maternal serum IL-10. Furthermore, exogenous maternal IL-10 treatment absolved UTI-associated preterm birth but contributed to fetal growth restriction in this model. Using urine samples from a cohort of human pregnancies with or without UTI, we correlated urinary cytokines with birth outcomes and urine culture status. These analyses yielded a non-invasive, highly predictive three-model system for evaluating preterm birth risk implicating cytokines IL-10, IL-15, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-1RA. Our unique bimodal murine model coupled with patient samples provides a platform to investigate immunological and microbial factors governing UTI-associated preterm birth, revealing novel therapeutic opportunities to predict or prevent preterm birth.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.10.22.619711","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T16:05:14Z","timestamp":1729872314000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Distinct maternofetal immune signatures delineate preterm birth onset following urinary tract infection"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3439-6376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Ottinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Addison B.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9421-9131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicki","family":"Mercado-Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7808-1662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holly","family":"Branthoover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3758-5503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob J.","family":"Zulk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Serchejian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4929-6450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlyd E.","family":"Mejia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zainab A.","family":"Hameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Walde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel C.","family":"Fleck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1329-3888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allyson E.","family":"Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2631-8810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Patras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024102808000691000_2024.10.22.619711v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-10-2"},{"key":"2024102808000691000_2024.10.22.619711v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4"},{"key":"2024102808000691000_2024.10.22.619711v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1721668"},{"key":"2024102808000691000_2024.10.22.619711v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050802488246"},{"key":"2024102808000691000_2024.10.22.619711v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/UA.UA_104_19"},{"key":"2024102808000691000_2024.10.22.619711v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.08.015"},{"key":"2024102808000691000_2024.10.22.619711v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2020.575197"},{"key":"2024102808000691000_2024.10.22.619711v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. 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