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We sought to understand the influence of IS on working memory by recording hippocampal local field potentials from epileptic mice while they performed a delayed alternation task. We found that IS disrupted performance when they were spatially non-restricted and occurred during running. In contrast, when IS were clustered at reward locations, animals performed well. A machine learning decoding approach revealed that IS at reward sites were larger than IS elsewhere on the maze, and could be classified as occurring at specific reward locations \u2013 suggesting they carry informative content for the memory task. Finally, a spiking model revealed that spatially clustered IS preserved hippocampal replay, while spatially dispersed IS disrupted replay by causing over-generalization. Together, these results show that IS can have opposing outcomes on memory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.11.13.623481","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T00:50:17Z","timestamp":1731631817000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Interictal spikes during spatial working memory carry helpful or distracting representations of space and have opposing impacts on performance"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1566-5382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin 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