{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:58:57Z","timestamp":1775264337305,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":40,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Natural antisense transcripts are expressed in eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses and can possess regulatory functions at the transcriptional and\/or post-transcriptional levels.\n                  <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                  studies have shown that HIV-1 antisense transcripts (AST) promote viral latency through epigenetic silencing of the proviral 5\u2032 long terminal repeat (LTR). However, expression of HIV-1 AST\n                  <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                  have not been convincingly demonstrated. Here, we used single RNA template amplification, detection, and sequencing to demonstrate expression of AST in unstimulated PBMC collected from people with HIV-1 (PWH). We found that AST had high genetic diversity that matched proviruses in cells from blood and lymph nodes. We measured a median of 26 copies of AST per 100 infected cells in PWH on ART and a median of 2 copies per 100 infected cells in PWH not on ART. The expression of HIV-1 AST\n                  <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                  is consistent with a potential regulatory role in regulation of HIV-1 expression.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.12.06.627170","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T22:10:11Z","timestamp":1733523011000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>In vivo<\/i>\n                  detection of HIV-1 antisense transcripts in untreated and ART-treated individuals"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Adam A.","family":"Capoferri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Sklutuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toluleke O.","family":"Famuyiwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sachi","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason W.","family":"Rausch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian T.","family":"Luke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Hoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6371-747X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven G.","family":"Deeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Mellors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Coffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Groebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Romerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary F.","family":"Kearney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2025022611400805000_2024.12.06.627170v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu207"},{"key":"2025022611400805000_2024.12.06.627170v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. 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