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In rats in which the sciatic nerve is transected and repaired, soleus (SOL) H-reflex up-conditioning during regeneration strengthens primary afferent reinnervation of SOL motoneurons and improves recovery of the SOL H-reflex. This suggests that H-reflex up-conditioning could improve functional recovery after nerve injury and repair. To explore this possibility, we examined the impact of SOL H-reflex up- or down-conditioning during sciatic regeneration on recovery of locomotor symmetry. Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with EMG electrodes in right SOL and a stimulating cuff on right posterior tibial nerve. After control data collection, right sciatic nerve was transected and repaired. Control EMG and H-reflex data collection continued for 20 more days. The rat was then exposed for 100 days to either: continued control data collection; SOL H-reflex up-conditioning; or SOL H-reflex down-conditioning. Locomotor EMG, H-reflex, and kinematics were assessed before nerve transection and 120 days after transection. H-reflex up-conditioning improved H-reflex recovery and also restored right\/left step symmetry. H-reflex down-conditioning did not worsen H-reflex recovery or right\/left step asymmetry. These results suggest that H-reflex up-conditioning might enhance functional recovery after nerve injury in humans. They also confirm previous results indicating that compensatory plasticity prevents inappropriate H-reflex conditioning (i.e., down-conditioning) from further impairing function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.12.09.627519","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T14:30:41Z","timestamp":1734532241000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Soleus H-Reflex Up-Conditioning during Sciatic Nerve Regeneration in Rats Improves Recovery of Locomotion"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren E.","family":"Gemoets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9430-0711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan S.","family":"Carp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Wolpaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2025070420501162000_2024.12.09.627519v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-07-02602.2000"},{"key":"2025070420501162000_2024.12.09.627519v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05459.x"},{"key":"2025070420501162000_2024.12.09.627519v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20012"},{"key":"2025070420501162000_2024.12.09.627519v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-4613-1_1"},{"key":"2025070420501162000_2024.12.09.627519v2.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050249"},{"key":"2025070420501162000_2024.12.09.627519v2.6","unstructured":"Brushart TM (1991) The mechanical and humoral control of specificity in nerve repair. 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