{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T13:16:35Z","timestamp":1768569395900,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"group-title":"Infectious Diseases (except HIV\/AIDS)","reference-count":37,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The number of\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                    mosquito bites a person receives determines the risk of acquiring malaria and the likelihood of transmitting infections to mosquitoes. We assessed heterogeneity in\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                    biting and associated factors in two settings in Uganda with different endemicity.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    parasites in blood-fed indoor caught\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                    mosquitoes were quantified using qPCR targeting the Pf18S rRNA gene. Human DNA in dried blood spots from household occupants and mosquito blood meals was profiled using 15 short-tandem repeats (STRs) and analysed using a log-likelihood approach for matching of both single and multi-sourced blood meals and incomplete DNA profiles.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The distribution of mosquito bites was non-random; school-age children (5-15 years) and adults (\u226516 years) had a mosquito biting rate ratio (BRR) 1.76 (95%CI 1.27-2.44, P &lt; 0.001) and 1.96 (95%CI 1.41-2.73, P &lt; 0.0001) times that of children under 5 years, respectively. Biting rates were lower in bed net users (BRR: 0.80, 95%CI 0.65-0.99, P = 0.042), and higher in males (BRR: 1.30, 95%CI 1.01-1.66, P = 0.043) and individuals infected with\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (BRR: 1.42, 95%CI 1.03-1.96, P = 0.030), though the latter effect lost statistical significance in sensitivity analyses.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adults and school-age children are at higher risk for receiving mosquito bites and this has implications for the relative importance of demographic populations to onward malaria transmission to mosquitoes.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>A novel statistical approach allowed us to match multi-sourced mosquito bloodmeals and partially digested mosquito bloodmeals to human individuals<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Participant age consistently related to mosquito biting: adults and school-age children had a mosquito biting rate ratio that was \u223c2 and \u223c1.8 times that of children below 5 years, respectively<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Men received more mosquito bites than women and self-reported bed net use was associated with lower mosquito exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Higher mosquito biting rates were observed in individuals infected with\n                        <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <\/jats:list>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.12.12.24318757","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,14]],"date-time":"2024-12-14T02:56:58Z","timestamp":1734145018000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anopheles mosquito exposure is associated with age, gender and bed net use in areas in Uganda experiencing varying malaria transmission intensity"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3982-4774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara 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