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Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we profiled and compared adult male and hermaphrodite\n                  <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                  neurons, generating an atlas of adult male-specific and sex-shared neurons. We expanded the molecular map of male-specific neurons, and identified highly dimorphic expression of GPCRs, neuropeptides, and ion channels. Our data demonstrate sex-shared neurons exhibit substantial heterogeneity between the sexes, while sex-specific neurons repurpose conserved molecular pathways to regulate dimorphic behaviors. We show that the PHD neurons display remarkable similarity to sex-shared AWA neurons, suggesting partial repurposing of conserved pathways, and that they and the GPCR SRT-18 may play a role in pheromone sensing. We further demonstrate that the ubiquitously expressed MAPK phosphatase\n                  <jats:italic>vhp-1<\/jats:italic>\n                  regulates both sex-specific and sex-shared behaviors. Our data provide a rich resource for discovering sex-specific transcriptomic differences and the molecular basis of sex-specific behaviors.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.12.12.628226","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T03:28:44Z","timestamp":1734751724000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Single-Nucleus Neuronal Transcriptional Profiling of Male\n                  <i>C. elegans<\/i>\n                  Uncovers Regulators of Sex-Specific and Sex-Shared Behaviors"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7968-6238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine S.","family":"Morillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2319-8174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"St. Ange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6229-8631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifei","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7176-9154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Kaletsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8257-984X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Coleen T.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2025062615301255000_2024.12.12.628226v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.04.017"},{"key":"2025062615301255000_2024.12.12.628226v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111733"},{"key":"2025062615301255000_2024.12.12.628226v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00780"},{"key":"2025062615301255000_2024.12.12.628226v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12054-3"},{"key":"2025062615301255000_2024.12.12.628226v2.5","unstructured":"Sex bias and omission in neuroscience research is influenced by research model and journal, but not reported NIH funding - ScienceDirect. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0091302220300261."},{"key":"2025062615301255000_2024.12.12.628226v2.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.06.023"},{"key":"2025062615301255000_2024.12.12.628226v2.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.117.300294"},{"key":"2025062615301255000_2024.12.12.628226v2.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1352-7"},{"key":"2025062615301255000_2024.12.12.628226v2.9","first-page":"323","article-title":"What About the Males?","volume":"34","year":"2020","journal-title":"The C. elegans Sexually Dimorphic Nervous System and a CRISPR-Based Tool to Study Males in a Hermaphroditic Species. 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