{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T01:13:16Z","timestamp":1788311596302,"version":"build-2803163510"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"group-title":"Gastroenterology","reference-count":49,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most genetic studies on celiac disease (CeD) have focused on individuals of European descent. Limited data are available for the Hispanic and black populations.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We analyzed whole-genome sequencing data, electronic health records (EHR), and laboratory results from the\n                    <jats:italic>All of Us<\/jats:italic>\n                    Research Program. We identified 3,481 individuals with CeD through EHR, self-reporting, or both. Of these, 2,899 carried one of the four well-established risk haplotypes, including 262 of admixed American (89% Hispanic) and 108 of African (70% black) ancestry. Five sex-, age-, and ancestry-matched controls per case were selected for the assessment of genetic and clinical risk factors.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    An enrichment in the\n                    <jats:italic>DQB1*02:01<\/jats:italic>\n                    allele was observed in CeD patients across all ancestries, with the strongest association in Europeans (32.3% vs. 11.6%), followed by Americans (18.5% vs. 8.1%) and Africans (15.7% vs. 8.1%). Among individuals carrying the DQ2.5 (\n                    <jats:italic>DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01<\/jats:italic>\n                    haplotype), HLA-B8 was present in 72.3% of Europeans, 42.3% of Admixed Americans, and lower in Africans. This linkage disequilibrium was higher in CeD patients than in controls across all three ancestries. A polygenic risk score distinguished seropositive CeD from controls with 86% accuracy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Incorporating clinical risk factors, including family history, hypothyroidism, diarrhea, vitamin D deficiency, and anemia, increased predictive accuracy to 92%. The model identified 93% of CeD patients with tTG-IgA levels greater than 10 IU\/mL.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Linkage between HLA-B8 and DQ2.5 differs significantly among individuals of European, admixed American, and African ancestry, contributing to ancestry-dependent genetic risk for CeD.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Using data from the\n                    <jats:italic>All of Us Research Program<\/jats:italic>\n                    , we found that HLA-DQ2.5, a key genetic risk factor for celiac disease, is present in European (11.6%), Admixed American (8.1%), and African (8.1%) populations, but its disease penetrance differs significantly by ancestry.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.12.20.24319436","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T05:25:18Z","timestamp":1735017918000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Linkage between HLA-B8 and HLA-DQ2.5 Contributes to Ancestry-Dependent Genetic Risk for Celiac Disease"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9817-5858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemanth","family":"Karnati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1657-1276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary-Joe","family":"Touma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1838-0502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4341-6367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezra","family":"Burstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6839-9634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter HR","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele J.","family":"Alkalay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7399-2766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Bolze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 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