{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T22:29:34Z","timestamp":1768516174311,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":55,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  The emergence of\n                  <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                  parasites partially resistant to artemisinins (ART-R) poses a significant threat to recent gains in malaria control. ART-R has been associated with PfKelch13 (K13) mutations, which differ in fitness costs. This study investigates the gametocyte production and transmission fitness of African and Asian\n                  <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                  isolates with different K13 genotypes across multiple mosquito species. We tested three ART-sensitive (ART-S) isolates (NF54, NF135, NF180) and three ART-R isolates (ARN1G, 3815, PAT-023) for sexual conversion and transmission to\n                  <jats:italic>Anopheles stephensi, An. gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                  and\n                  <jats:italic>An. coluzzii<\/jats:italic>\n                  . ART-R levels were quantified\n                  <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                  using the Ring-stage Survival Assay (RSA), and the transmission-reducing effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on mature gametocytes were assessed. Results showed that ART-S parasite lines consistently produced gametocytes and transmitted effectively in all three mosquito species. ART-R isolates showed variability: ARN1G maintained high transmission levels, whereas 3815 showed limited transmission potential despite higher sporozoite loads in\n                  <jats:italic>An. coluzzii<\/jats:italic>\n                  . The African ART-R isolate PAT-023 demonstrated low gametocyte commitment but was transmitted efficiently in both\n                  <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                  and\n                  <jats:italic>An. coluzzii<\/jats:italic>\n                  . DHA exposure reduced mosquito infectivity for all isolates, regardless of K13 genotype. These findings, based on a limited number of field isolates, suggest that ART-R parasites remain transmissible across different\n                  <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                  species. However, ART-R does not appear to confer a direct transmission advantage. This study highlights the complexity of ART-R dynamics and underscores the need for further research to inform malaria control strategies in regions where ART-R parasites are circulating.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.12.23.630038","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T03:08:51Z","timestamp":1735009731000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gametocyte production and transmission fitness of African and Asian\n                  <i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i>\n                  isolates with differential susceptibility to artemisinins"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3750-1135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas 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