{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T13:36:35Z","timestamp":1768570595365,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]]},"group-title":"Urology","reference-count":47,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]],"date-time":"2025-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Urinary (UI) and fecal (FI) incontinence are prevalent secondary chronic conditions among young adults with spina bifida (YASB). UI and FI decrease daily functioning for YASB, but no research has prospectively examined characteristics of UI and FI among YASB. We used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) over 30 days to describe the prevalence, episode-specific characteristics and negativity associated with UI and FI among a cohort of YASB.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data were collected as part of a larger 30-day EMA study prospectively examining the daily prevalence and context of UI and FI in adults with SB. We drew an analytic sample of young adults (YASB) participants aged 18-27 years (N=23 [26.1% of all study-participants [N=88];). Participants completed an end- of-day EMA tracking the frequency, dry intervals, volume, activity avoidance, management, positive and negative mood, current UI (UIA) or FI (FIA) anxiety, past UIA and FIA and past number of UI or FI events.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>YASB contributed a 643 daily EMAs. Nearly 60% (370\/643) of all daily entries was associated with a general report of incontinence (UI: 54.1% [348\/643]; FI: 20.8% [134\/643]). Prevalence, characteristics and negativity associated with UI and FI varied significantly from day-to-day. Higher UI frequency, shorter dry intervals, greater UI volume, needing management help, avoiding activities because of UI, higher past median UIA, higher negative mood and fewer past UI events were associated with higher daily UIA. Shorter FI dry intervals, higher past median FIA, higher negative mood and fewer past FI events were associated with higher daily FIA.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Day-to-day experiences of UI and FI vary among adults with SB across multiple dimensions. Negativity about incontinence when it occurs varies not only based on individual- and episode-specific characteristics, but also on incontinence in the preceding days. Operationalizing these insights into potential clinical interventions warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Young people with SB (YASB) experience day-to-day differences in the characteristics of urinary (UI) and fecal (FI) incontinence (e.g. frequency, self-management) events and the way they felt (e.g. affect) about UI and FI. The unique relationship of these factors to UI and FI anxiety suggest novel potential points of intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.01.10.24313751","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]],"date-time":"2025-01-12T13:45:12Z","timestamp":1736689512000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Daily Experiences of Urinary and Fecal Incontinence in Young Adults with Spina Bifida: Preliminary Results from an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2267-1038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devon J.","family":"Hensel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey I.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7087-8968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konrad M.","family":"Szymanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2023.03.002"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-015-0988-5"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2023.12.029"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/PRM-190667"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.08.117"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2019.1647293","article-title":"South African adolescents living with spina bifida: contributors and hindrances to well-being","volume":"43","year":"2021","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15456","article-title":"Education and employment as young adults living with spina bifida transition to adulthood in the USA: A study of the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry","volume":"65","year":"2023","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology"},{"issue":"04","key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.4236\/ojn.2015.54033","article-title":"Reflections on health of young adults with spina bifida: The contradictory path towards well-being in daily life","volume":"5","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Journal of Nursing"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292735"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2020.409","article-title":"Retrospective studies\u2013utility and caveats","volume":"50","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iida M , Shrout PE , Laurenceau J-P , Bolger N. Using diary methods in psychological research. 2012;","DOI":"10.1037\/13619-016"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hensel DJ , Fortenberry JD , Harezlak J , Craig D . The Feasibility of Cell Phone Based Electronic Diaries for STI\/HIV Research. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 2012;12(75)","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-12-75"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roth AM , Hensel DJ , Fortenberry JD , Garfein RS , Gunn JK , Wiehe SE . Feasibility and Acceptability of Cell Phone Diaries to Measure HIV Risk Behavior Among Female Sex Workers. AIDS and Behavior. 2014:1\u201311.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0718-y"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091415"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.07.108"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830702","DOI":"10.1080\/17482631.2020.1830702","article-title":"Views on everyday life among adults with spina bifida: an exploration through photovoice","volume":"15","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2020.12.001"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szymanski KM , Misseri R , Hensel DJ . Accuracy in reporting incontinence in adults with spina bifida: a pilot study. Journal of Pediatric Urology. 2024;","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2024.02.016"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2022.10.027"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.02.042"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hufford M . Special methodological challenges and opportunities in ecological momentary assessment. In: Stone AA , Shiffman S , Atienza A , Nebeling L , eds. The science of real-time data capture: Self-reports in health research Oxford University Press; 2007:54\u201375.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195178715.003.0004"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2019.1702724"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"May M , Junghaenel DU , Ono M , Stone AA , Schneider S . Ecological Momentary Assessment Methodology in Chronic Pain Research: A Systematic Review. The Journal of Pain. 2018;","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.01.006"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13204","article-title":"Annual Research Review: Ecological momentary assessment studies in child psychology and psychiatry","volume":"61","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stone AA , Shiffman SS . Ecological validity for patient reported outcomes. In: Steptoe A , ed. Handbook of Behavioral Medicine. Springer; 2010:99\u2013112.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-09488-5_8"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737167.2.2.119"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.27","first-page":"429","article-title":"Ecological momentary assessment in behavioral medicine: Research and practice","volume":"1","year":"2014","journal-title":"The handbook of behavioral medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.28","first-page":"800","article-title":"Establishing the first community-centered Spina Bifida research agenda","volume":"18","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Urology"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.12.080"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.30","unstructured":"Stata . Version 18.0. StataCorp LP; 2023."},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2010.11.003"},{"issue":"14","key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3866","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.3745","article-title":"Using Spearman\u2019s correlation coefficients for exploratory data analysis on big dataset","volume":"28","year":"2016","journal-title":"Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2019.08.004"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.04.004"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2016.0358"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-016-1261-2"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2022.100575"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22647"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2007.07.009"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.06.025"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181f422ce"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-015-0988-5"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-006-0032-x"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2576"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.09.039"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2017.1280545","article-title":"Ecological momentary assessment for rehabilitation of chronic illness and disability","volume":"40","year":"2018","journal-title":"Disability and rehabilitation"},{"key":"2025011423500679000_2025.01.10.24313751v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.11.013"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.01.10.24313751","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T20:25:00Z","timestamp":1768508700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.01.10.24313751"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]]},"references-count":47,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.01.10.24313751","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}