{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:50:16Z","timestamp":1791348616988,"version":"4.3.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"group-title":"Genetic and Genomic Medicine","reference-count":71,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Psychiatric disorders display high levels of comorbidity and genetic overlap\n                  <jats:sup>1,2<\/jats:sup>\n                  . Genomic methods have shown that even for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, two disorders long-thought to be etiologically distinct\n                  <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                  , the majority of genetic signal is shared\n                  <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                  . Furthermore, recent cross-disorder analyses have uncovered over a hundred pleiotropic loci shared across eight disorders\n                  <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                  . However, the full scope of shared and disorder-specific genetic basis of psychopathology remains largely uncharted. Here, we address this gap by triangulating across a suite of cutting-edge statistical genetic and functional genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders (1,056,201 cases). Our analyses identify and characterize five underlying genomic factors\n                  <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                  that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders (\u223c66% on average) and are associated with 268 pleiotropic loci. We observed particularly high levels of polygenic overlap\n                  <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                  and local genetic correlation\n                  <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                  and very few disorder-specific loci\n                  <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                  for two factors defined by: (\n                  <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                  ) schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (\u201cSB factor\u201d), and by (\n                  <jats:italic>ii<\/jats:italic>\n                  ) major depression, PTSD, and anxiety (\u201cinternalizing factor\u201d). At the functional level, we applied multiple methods\n                  <jats:sup>10\u201312<\/jats:sup>\n                  which demonstrated that the shared genetic signal across the SB factor was substantially enriched in genes expressed in excitatory neurons, whereas the internalizing factor was associated with oligodendrocyte biology. By comparison, the genetic signal shared across all 14 disorders was enriched for broad biological processes (e.g., transcriptional regulation). These results indicate increasing differentiation of biological function at different levels of shared cross-disorder risk, from quite general vulnerability to more specific pathways associated with subsets of disorders. These observations may inform a more neurobiologically valid psychiatric nosology and implicate novel targets for therapeutic developments designed to treat commonly occurring comorbid presentations.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.01.14.25320574","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T22:20:15Z","timestamp":1736979615000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Landscape of Shared and Divergent Genetic Influences across 14 Psychiatric Disorders"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7852-9244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew D","family":"Grotzinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5015-2078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josefin","family":"Werme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7954-8383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wouter J","family":"Peyrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6427-2625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleksandr","family":"Frei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1128-5390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christiaan","family":"de Leeuw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9884-0133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy K","family":"Bicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8549-8335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiuyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3706-8960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael P","family":"Margolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4322-5923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon J","family":"Coombes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3753-4930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Batzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7566-7334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Pazdernik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9350-4440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna M","family":"Biernacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4461-3568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ole A","family":"Andreassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verneri","family":"Anttila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8627-7219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders D","family":"B\u00f8rglum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7496-2075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9124-2766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ditte","family":"Demontis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0344-9690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard J","family":"Edenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9217-3982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen V","family":"Faraone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4375-6572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5800-5128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J","family":"Gandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4067-1859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Gelernter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0105-9034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John M","family":"Hettema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1910-223X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine G","family":"Jonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3307-5741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James A","family":"Knowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2978-7655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karestan C","family":"Koenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4517-1623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam X","family":"Maihofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3265-3001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Travis T","family":"Mallard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8442-493X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Mattheisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1516-7239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen S","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1513-6077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin M","family":"Neale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5766-8923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline M","family":"Nievergelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7674-1767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John I","family":"Nurnberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6865-8795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin S","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2314-2792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elise B","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6137-5699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra S","family":"Sanchez-Roige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5576-4495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan L","family":"Santangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9331-6666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hreinn","family":"Stefansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1676-864X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kari","family":"Stefansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9564-2871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murray B","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5261-8852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nora I","family":"Strom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9384-7988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura M","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5599-6237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elliot M","family":"Tucker-Drob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5369-9757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brad","family":"Verhulst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6862-1837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irwin D","family":"Waldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5415-6487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G Bragi","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7421-3357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi R","family":"Wray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Anxiety Disorders Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Autism Spectrum Disorders Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Bipolar Disorder Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Eating Disorders Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Major Depressive Disorder Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Nicotine Dependence GenOmics (iNDiGO) Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Schizophrenia Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Substance Use Disorders Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Tourette Syndrome Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1770-3100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phil H","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8689-6570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth S","family":"Kendler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0381-6334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan W","family":"Smoller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.617"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.2","first-page":"409","article-title":"Psychiatric genetics and the structure of psychopathology","volume":"24","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecular \u2026"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1048-6","article-title":"120th anniversary of the Kraepelinian dichotomy of psychiatric disorders","volume":"21","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3406"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.11.020"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-019-0566-x","article-title":"Genomic structural equation modelling provides insights into the multivariate genetic architecture of complex traits","volume":"3","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature human behaviour"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09078-0"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01017-y"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00787-1"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01057-4"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FNINS.2016.00016\/BIBTEX"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp427"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00016.2022","article-title":"Examining the shared etiology of psychopathology with genome-wide association studies","volume":"103","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62129-1"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00857-4"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/S41588-019-0439-2"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/S41588-022-01285-8"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0344-8"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/S41586-022-04434-5"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18070857"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.03.13.24304161"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.23","unstructured":"Major Depressive Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Trans-ancestry genome-wide study of depression identifies 697 associations implicating cell-types and pharmacotherapies. Cell (in press)."},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0643-5"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.07.03.24309466"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30339-4","article-title":"A large-scale genome-wide association study meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder","volume":"7","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19265-z"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.1206","article-title":"Association of OPRM1 Functional Coding Variant With Opioid Use Disorder","volume":"77","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-024-01707-9"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.30","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Population & Committee on the Use of Race Ethnicity and Ancestry as. Using Population Descriptors in Genetics and Genomics Research: A New Framework for an Evolving Field. (National Academies Press, 2023)."},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.31","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Genetic Architecture of Depression in Individuals of East Asian Ancestry","volume":"78","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.32","first-page":"1670","article-title":"Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics","volume":"51","author":"Consortium","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comparative genetic architectures of schizophrenia in East Asian and European populations. Nat. Genet"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0275-1"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.34","first-page":"76","article-title":"Consortium, Asian Genetic Epidemiology Network Type 2 Diabetes, Ye, C. J., Price, A. L. & Zaitlen","volume":"99","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Transethnic Genetic-Correlation Estimates from Summary Statistics. Am. J. Hum. Genet"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09078-0"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0090-3"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.37","unstructured":"Pardi\u00f1as, A. F. et al. Common schizophrenia alleles are enriched in mutation-intolerant genes and in regions under strong background selection. Nat. Genet. 1 (2018)."},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0481-0"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-021-02478-w"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.3896","article-title":"Identification of Novel, Replicable Genetic Risk Loci for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among US Military Veterans","volume":"80","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32317","article-title":"NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 gene cluster and the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of adults with ADHD","volume":"168","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3748-2","article-title":"NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 variants and smoking motives as intermediate phenotypes for nicotine dependence","volume":"232","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00800.x"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.44","unstructured":"Wang, D. et al. Comprehensive functional genomic resource and integrative model for the human brain. Science 362, (2018)."},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.09.021"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19847"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004219"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01104-0"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.07.015"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.011"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03209-8"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf1204"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05377-7"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.12.014"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702613497473"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abo2059"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ade8002"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.58","unstructured":"Schwaba, T. et al. Comparison of the multivariate genetic architecture of eight major psychiatric disorders across sex. Nat. Genet. (in press)."},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-018-01023-3"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(02)00338-X"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3404"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3954"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10530"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1001025"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.05.029"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2019.02.008"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1262110"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6890"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14248"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2308-7"},{"key":"2025011807500651000_2025.01.14.25320574v1.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00157","article-title":"LDlinkR: An R Package for Rapidly Calculating Linkage Disequilibrium Statistics in Diverse Populations","volume":"11","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Genet"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.01.14.25320574","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T20:25:28Z","timestamp":1768508728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.01.14.25320574"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"references-count":71,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.01.14.25320574","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}