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This study establishes a kainic acid (KA)-induced porcine model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) using clinical imaging, stereotactic surgery, and a fully implantable neural stimulation and recording (INSR) device designed for humans.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Seven pigs (six KA-treated and one saline control) underwent MRI-guided stereotactic implantation of electrodes targeting bilateral hippocampus (HPC) and anterior thalamus (ANT), followed by intra-hippocampal KA or saline infusion. Local field potentials (LFP) were recorded continuously with synchronized video monitoring. Seizures and LFP interictal epileptiform-like discharges (IEDs) were quantified using validated automated detectors. Histology was performed in the saline control and the longest surviving KA-treated pig.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Intra-hippocampal KA infusion induced acute status epilepticus in all (6\/6) treated pigs. Four animals survived to chronic monitoring with spontaneous seizures observed in three pigs (2,733 seizures; mean duration of 27.2 \u00b1 17.6 seconds). IEDs were observed in bilateral HPC of all animals, including saline control, with higher rates in the lesioned HPC (p &lt;0.0001). While the IED morphology is consistent with epileptiform activity; IEDs alone are not specific for epilepsy and physiological transients (e.g. sharp-wave ripples) and injury-related hyperexcitability or strain-specific hyperexcitability cannot be excluded. Histological analysis revealed patchy neuronal loss and cytoarchitectural changes in HPC.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>This porcine model reproduces electrophysiological features of human mTLE. This approach provides a powerful translational bridge for developing and testing next-generation INSR and neuromodulation strategies in freely behaving large animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.01.22.634312","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T18:40:19Z","timestamp":1737571219000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Kainic Acid Pig Model of Hippocampal Epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0693-9495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip","family":"Mivalt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, BNEL (Bioelectronics Neurophysiology & Engineering Lab), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Maltais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, BNEL (Bioelectronics Neurophysiology & Engineering Lab), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inyong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, BNEL (Bioelectronics Neurophysiology & Engineering Lab), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiwon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, BNEL (Bioelectronics Neurophysiology & Engineering Lab), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrik","family":"Began","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, BNEL (Bioelectronics Neurophysiology & Engineering Lab), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Duque Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, BNEL (Bioelectronics Neurophysiology & Engineering Lab), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Krakorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, BNEL (Bioelectronics Neurophysiology & Engineering Lab), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bailey","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, BNEL (Bioelectronics Neurophysiology & Engineering Lab), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng Yen","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, BNEL (Bioelectronics Neurophysiology & Engineering Lab), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelja","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, BNEL (Bioelectronics Neurophysiology & Engineering Lab), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Harty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, BNEL (Bioelectronics Neurophysiology & Engineering Lab), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luke H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, BNEL (Bioelectronics Neurophysiology & Engineering Lab), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Gregg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, BNEL (Bioelectronics Neurophysiology & Engineering Lab), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Montonye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Gow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Van Gompel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kent","family":"Leyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cadence Neuroscience Inc. 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