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Here, we longitudinally tracked and manipulated the activity of two major dorsomedial striatum populations, D1+ and D2\/A2A+ neurons, to reveal their activity and function during goal-directed learning and habit formation. Across learning, DMS D1+ neurons stably encode instrumental actions, carry information about behavioral engagement and organization, and develop and maintain action-reward representational similarity and conjunctive activation. This persists even after behavioral control transitions to habit. In contrast, one ensemble of DMS A2A+ neurons transiently encodes actions during early learning and another slowly starts to encode actions as habits form. Both DMS D1+ and A2A+ neuronal activity mediates the learning processes underlying goal-directed control, but only DMS D1+ neurons maintain support of adaptive, goal-directed decision making. These data reveal a cell-type-specific dissociation between stable v. reorganizing striatal action representations and, independently, persistent v. transient contributions to goal-directed control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.01.26.634924","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]],"date-time":"2025-01-26T19:20:15Z","timestamp":1737919215000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Striatal cell-type-specific encoding stability and reorganization for goal-directed behavior and habit"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3498-6678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Malvaez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvina","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baila S","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline R","family":"Giovanniello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia Y","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garrett J","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana C","family":"Sias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanyi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malika","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas K","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel P","family":"Bridges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Wiener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna S","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra M","family":"Holley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Cepeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D","family":"Balsam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barnard College & Columbia University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh Tad","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7190-4993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew M","family":"Wikenheiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2635-7433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate M","family":"Wassum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026082114500714000_2025.01.26.634924v3.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.80926"},{"key":"2026082114500714000_2025.01.26.634924v3.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.09.024"},{"key":"2026082114500714000_2025.01.26.634924v3.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(98)00033-1"},{"key":"2026082114500714000_2025.01.26.634924v3.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010416-044216"},{"key":"2026082114500714000_2025.01.26.634924v3.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2012.08.003"},{"key":"2026082114500714000_2025.01.26.634924v3.6","unstructured":"Dickinson, A. & Balleine, B. 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