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To address this, we developed a normative circuit model in which corticostriatal plasticity in the ventral striatum is modulated by reward prediction errors to drive reinforcement learning while that in the sensory-dorsal striatum is modulated by sensory prediction errors derived from internal belief to drive self-supervised learning. We then validate the key predictions of this model using dopamine recordings across striatal regions in mice, as well as human behavior across various tasks including a new hybrid learning task. Finally, we find that changes in learning resulting from optogenetic stimulation of the sensory-dorsal striatum in mice and individual variability in hallucinations in humans are best explained by selectively enhancing dopamine levels in the model sensory-dorsal striatum. These findings identify plasticity mechanisms underlying biased learning of sensory expectations as a biologically plausible link between excess dopamine and hallucinations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.03.18.643990","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T17:36:24Z","timestamp":1742405784000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A corticostriatal learning mechanism linking excess striatal dopamine and auditory hallucinations"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3932-2616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaushik","family":"Lakshminarasimhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6609-2724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3302-2188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Kellendonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Horga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026041123493771000_2025.03.18.643990v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.6.761"},{"key":"2026041123493771000_2025.03.18.643990v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2013.00047"},{"key":"2026041123493771000_2025.03.18.643990v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.08.022"},{"key":"2026041123493771000_2025.03.18.643990v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25510"},{"key":"2026041123493771000_2025.03.18.643990v2.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nc\/niac002"},{"key":"2026041123493771000_2025.03.18.643990v2.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1010796"},{"key":"2026041123493771000_2025.03.18.643990v2.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04397-0"},{"key":"2026041123493771000_2025.03.18.643990v2.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.20.12.9"},{"key":"2026041123493771000_2025.03.18.643990v2.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2189-17.2017"},{"key":"2026041123493771000_2025.03.18.643990v2.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.03.001"},{"key":"2026041123493771000_2025.03.18.643990v2.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.12.059"},{"key":"2026041123493771000_2025.03.18.643990v2.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1807983116"},{"key":"2026041123493771000_2025.03.18.643990v2.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06492-9"},{"key":"2026041123493771000_2025.03.18.643990v2.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9060647"},{"key":"2026041123493771000_2025.03.18.643990v2.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, A. , Malgady, J. , Chen, L. , Shi, K. , Cheng, E. , Plotkin, J. , \u2026 Xiong, Q. 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