{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:09:46Z","timestamp":1790647786411,"version":"4.1.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":97,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Spatial variations in dopamine function are linked to cognition and substance use disorders but are challenging to characterize with current methods. Because dopamine influences blood vessel dilation, we hypothesized that hemodynamic latency, which reflects BOLD signal timing, could serve as an indirect marker of dopamine physiology. Across four datasets, we found a topography of hemodynamic latencies that precisely distinguished the nucleus accumbens, a dopaminergic region implicated in motivation and substance abuse, from other striatal regions. Using PET, genetics, and pharmacology, we found that hemodynamic latencies are robustly related to dopamine function and dopamine-linked behavior. In individuals with cocaine use disorder, we observed a spatial gradient of altered hemodynamic latencies in the striatum. This pattern independently predicted nicotine use, revealing a conserved physiological profile associated with addictive substance use. Hemodynamic latencies map regional, individual, and pathological differences linked to dopamine, opening new avenues for indirectly assessing the role of dopamine in healthy cognition and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.03.24.645022","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T02:53:03Z","timestamp":1743043983000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Temporal fMRI Dynamics Map Dopamine Physiology"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1814-3141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian C","family":"Ballard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Pappas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniella J","family":"Furman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne S","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blaise","family":"deB Frederick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Robert L","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S","family":"Kayser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J","family":"Jagust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"D\u2019Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5306.1593"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1825731"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berridge, K. C. & Robinson, T. E . What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience? Brain Res. Rev. (1998).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00019-8"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0702-15.2015"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3746"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e318212b40f"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.57"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.8","first-page":"165","article-title":"Effects of L-dopa in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"2","year":"1969","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2015.17"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(89)90012-2"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1406"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tziortzi, A. C. et al. Connectivity-Based Functional Analysis of Dopamine Release in the Striatum Using Diffusion-Weighted MRI and Positron Emission Tomography. Cereb. Cortex 24, bhs397\u20131177 (2013).","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs397"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.23608"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.06.047"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087109"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.10.029"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00154-5"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00169-7"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calabro, F. J. et al. Striatal dopamine supports reward expectation and learning: A simultaneous PET\/fMRI study. Neuroimage 267, 119831 (2023).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119831"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2058-08.2008"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lohrenz, T. , Kishida, K. T. & Montague, P. R . BOLD and its connection to dopamine release in human striatum: a cross-cohort comparison. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 371, 20150352 (2016).","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0352"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1747-10.2010"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1099"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1985.tb08875.x"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.25","first-page":"H222","article-title":"Cerebral circulation: effect of stimulation and blockade of dopamine receptors","volume":"233","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22444-0"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700025381"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118472"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.10.3.331"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22564"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01566-3"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.32","unstructured":"Haber, S. N . Neuroanatomy of Reward: A View from the Ventral Striatum. in Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward (ed. Gottfried, J. A .) (CRC Press\/Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton (FL), 2012)."},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-16-06338.2001"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0261-09.2009"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.03.038"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.140"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erdo\u011fan, S. B. , Tong, Y. , Hocke, L. M. , Lindsey, K. P. & deB Frederick, B . Correcting for Blood Arrival Time in Global Mean Regression Enhances Functional Connectivity Analysis of Resting State fMRI-BOLD Signals. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 10, 311 (2016).","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00311"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.01.19.524818"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEURON.2017.07.011"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.04.045"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl158"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, C.-F. et al. Digital 3D brain MRI arterial territories atlas. Sci. Data 10, 74 (2023).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01923-0"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.176"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.129"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/425589"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1438"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0665-07.2007"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.11.1736"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.02.037"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00286"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01518"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/382255a0"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(90)90568-T"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(89)90524-4"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7634(85)90022-3"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0135"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300420"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00820.x"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.92"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rasgado-Toledo, J. , Shah, A. , Ingalhalikar, M. & Garza-Villarreal, E. A . Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in cocaine use disorder. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 113, 110474 (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2021.110474"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.03.019"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.209"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.09.17.613524"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17400"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0189-2"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ACSCHEMNEURO.7B00252\/ASSET\/IMAGES\/LARGE\/CN-2017-002523_0001.JPEG"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.67","first-page":"1242","article-title":"PET evaluation of the dopamine system of the human brain","volume":"37","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2021.04.005"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18942"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1235-y"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CELL.2021.03.046"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.049"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tong, Y. , Hocke, L. M. & Frederick, B. B . Low Frequency Systemic Hemodynamic \u2018Noise\u2019 in Resting State BOLD fMRI: Characteristics, Causes, Implications, Mitigation Strategies, and Applications. Front. Neurosci. 13, (2019).","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00787"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mouches, P. & Forkert, N. D . A statistical atlas of cerebral arteries generated using multi-center MRA datasets from healthy subjects. Sci Data 6, 29 (2019).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-019-0034-5"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.5.2.212"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.12.023"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-4845-4"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01641"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1492(199706\/08)10:4\/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.80","first-page":"1201","article-title":"Dopamine Synthesis Capacity is Associated with D2\/3 Receptor Binding but Not Dopamine Release","volume":"43","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.7.1256"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill, G. C. et al. A probabilistic atlas of finger dominance in the primary somatosensory cortex. Neuroimage 217, 116880 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116880"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.83","first-page":"603","article-title":"A Probabilistic Functional Atlas of Human Occipito-Temporal Visual Cortex","volume":"31","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200109000-00002"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1983.1"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1996.0066"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.041"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.11.046"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.03.034"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.91","unstructured":"Gorgolewski, K. J. et al. Nipype. Softw. Pract. Exp. (2018)."},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-018-0235-4"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gorgolewski, K. et al. Nipype: a flexible, lightweight and extensible neuroimaging data processing framework in python. Front. Neuroinform. 5, 13 (2011).","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2011.00013"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18112\/OPENNEURO.DS003346.V1.1.2"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-021-01104-5"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.10.044"},{"key":"2025032809300411000_2025.03.24.645022v1.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.10.067"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.03.24.645022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T08:21:15Z","timestamp":1768465275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.03.24.645022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"references-count":97,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.03.24.645022","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}