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This study leveraged 13 longitudinal datasets, including 3,737 cognitively healthy adults (10,343 MRI scans; 13,460 memory assessments), to determine whether brain change-memory change associations are more pronounced with age and genetic risk for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Both factors are associated with accelerated brain decline, yet it remains unclear whether memory loss is exacerbated beyond what atrophy alone would predict. Additionally, we assessed whether memory decline aligns with a global pattern of atrophy or stems from distinct regional contributions. Our mega-analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship between memory decline and brain atrophy, primarily affecting individuals with above-average brain structural decline. The associations were stronger in the hippocampus but also spread across diverse cortical and subcortical regions. The associations strengthened with age, reaching moderate associations in participants in their eighties. While APOE \u03b54 carriers exhibited steeper brain and memory loss, genetic risk had no effect on the\n                  <jats:italic>change-change<\/jats:italic>\n                  associations. These findings support the presence of common biological macrostructural substrates underlying memory function in older age which are vulnerable to multiple age-related factors, even in the absence of overt pathological changes.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.03.27.642988","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T03:10:26Z","timestamp":1743217826000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Vulnerability to memory decline in aging \u2013 a mega-analysis of structural brain change"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Didac","family":"Vidal-Pi\u00f1eiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8ystein","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and 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