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For example, music training associated with enhanced sensorimotor skills accompanied by changes in brain structure and function. Although it is possible that the benefits of active music engagement \u201ctransfer\u201d to benefits in the motor domain, it is also possible that the genetic architecture of motor behaviour and the motor system structure may influence active music engagement. This study investigated whether polygenic scores (PGS) for five behavioural motor traits, 12 neuromotor structural brain traits, and seven rates of change in brain structure traits trained from existing discovery genome-wide association studies (GWAS) predict active music engagement outcomes in four independent cohorts of unrelated individuals of European ancestry: the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA; N=22,198), Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS; N=4,605), Vanderbilt\u2019s BioVU Repository (BioVU; N=6,150), and Vanderbilt\u2019s Online Musicality study (OM; N=1,559). Results were meta-analyzed for each PGS main effect across outcomes and cohorts, revealing that PGS for a faster walking pace was associated with higher amounts of active music engagement. Within CLSA, a higher PGS for walking pace was associated with greater odds of engaging with music. Findings suggest a shared genetic architecture between motor function and active music engagement. Future intervention-based research should consider the genetic underpinnings of motor behavior when evaluating the effects of music engagement on motor function across the lifespan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.03.27.645667","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T01:06:32Z","timestamp":1743383192000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Polygenic Associations between Motor Behaviour, Neuromotor Traits, and Active Music Engagement in Four Cohorts"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6680-2098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.L.","family":"Henechowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Music and Health Science Research Collaboratory, Faculty of Music, University of Toronto"},{"name":"Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center"},{"name":"Music Cognition Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.L.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center"},{"name":"Center for Digital Genomic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1470-4928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.E.","family":"Gustavson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5733-9721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y.N.","family":"Mekki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6581-3510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center"},{"name":"Music Cognition Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Nitin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1703-2423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.C.","family":"Scartozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center"},{"name":"Music Cognition Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.S.","family":"Tio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"van Klei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1831-9848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Felsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto"},{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto"},{"name":"Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.H.","family":"Thaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Music and Health Science Research Collaboratory, Faculty of Music, University of Toronto"},{"name":"Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1643-6979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.L.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026041201300143000_2025.03.27.645667v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2014.11.020"},{"key":"2026041201300143000_2025.03.27.645667v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Penhune VB. 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