{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:51:01Z","timestamp":1787010661253,"version":"build-2736575974"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":100,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["DGE2140743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE2140743"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1F31NS130782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1F31NS130782"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U19NS104655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19NS104655"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006w34k90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  To pursue a moving visual object, the brain must generate motor commands that continuously steer the object to the center of the visual field via feedback. The gain of this control loop is flexible, yet the biological mechanisms underlying such adaptive control are not well-understood. Here we show that adaptive control in the\n                  <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                  pursuit system involves two parallel pathways. One detects objects in the periphery and steers them toward the center of the visual field. The other detects objects near the center of the visual field and steers them to the visual midline. This latter pathway is flexible: gain increases when the object is moving away from the midline and when the pursuer is running fast. This latter pathway is also preferentially recruited when the fly is aroused, and suppressing it decreases pursuit performance. Our findings demonstrate how adaptive control can emerge from parallel pathways with specialized properties.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.04.23.650240","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T13:20:12Z","timestamp":1745673612000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Specialized parallel pathways for adaptive control of visual object pursuit"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3933-529X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew F.","family":"Collie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chennan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Rockwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Kellogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quinn X.","family":"Vanderbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra K.","family":"Hartman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen L.","family":"Holtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel I.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shadmehr, R. , and Mussa-Ivaldi, S. (2012). Biological learning and control (MIT Press).","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262016964.001.0001"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.2","unstructured":"Astrom, K.J. , and Wittenmark, B. (2008). Adaptive Control 2nd ed. (Dover Publications)."},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icae121","article-title":"Moving in an uncertain world: Robust and adaptive control of locomotion from organisms to machine intelligence","volume":"64","year":"2024","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. Biol"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237843"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(88)90103-4"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800002352"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.87.6.2936"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4071-06.2006"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2008.08.020"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-vision-082114-035349","article-title":"Visual guidance of smooth pursuit eye movements","volume":"1","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Vis. Sci"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-vision-091718-014901","article-title":"Predictive smooth pursuit eye movements","volume":"5","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Vis. Sci"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.190884"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003590050015"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.14","first-page":"829","article-title":"Preattentive facilitation of target trajectories in a dragonfly visual neuron. Commun","volume":"5","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00695351"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1210489109"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.11.12.622977"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00603736"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07558-y"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07686-5"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.06.019"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.57443"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.10.09.680999"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.07.31.667571"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heisenberg, M. , and Wolf, R . (1984). Vision in Drosophila: Genetics of Microbehavior (Springer).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-69936-8"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.05.010"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.12.023"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2021.05.001","article-title":"\u201cHangry\u201d Drosophila: food deprivation increases male aggression","volume":"177","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Behav"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58942"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105626"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3032.2002.00262.x"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.11346"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.11.03.565582"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853955X00184"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00365473"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.36","first-page":"41","article-title":"The extent of visual control in the courtship tracking of D. melanogaster. Biol","volume":"37","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cybernetics"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.06.007"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.19.010174.002125"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.12.017"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.06.020"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.01.011"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3567"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.08.025"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1207107109"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03714-w"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.21022"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21015"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.102230.1"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.06.27.601106"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07523-9"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.59502"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.88598.2"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schretter, C.E. , Hindmarsh Sten, T. , Klapoetke, N. , Shao, M. , Nern, A. , Dreher, M. , Bushey, D. , Robie, A.A. , Taylor, A.L. , Branson, K. , et al. (2024). Social state alters vision using three circuit mechanisms in Drosophila. Nature, 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.03.15.585289"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.03.016"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.43701"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34272"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.08.033"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06857-z"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.03.004"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4547-13.2014"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523810000076"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.07.032"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.63","unstructured":"\u00c5str\u00f6m, K.J. , and Murray, R.M. (2021). Feedback systems: An introduction for scientists and engineers, second edition (Princeton University Press)."},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01464710"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00656597"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00326682"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2014.0216"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000006626"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.10.028"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07039-2"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.08.008"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.08.12.607184"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3741"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.11.010"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-025-01948-9","article-title":"A competitive disinhibitory network for robust optic flow processing in Drosophila","volume":"28","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53173-w"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1400698111"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.96084.1"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-07006-3"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz6869"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabl6334","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abl6334","article-title":"Insect-inspired AI for autonomous robots","volume":"7","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Robot."},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaar7650","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aar7650","article-title":"The grand challenges of Science Robotics","volume":"3","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Robot."},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2019.00065"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2836"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.04.029"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.80660"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-024-05732-7"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2014.01.010"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.08.02.502550"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.10.21.683766"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0764-09.2009"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.02.054"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.035147"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-021-01330-0"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-021-01183-7"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heinrich, L. , Funke, J. , Pape, C. , Nunez-Iglesias, J. , and Saalfeld, S . (2018). Synaptic cleft segmentation in non-isotropic volume electron microscopy of the complete Drosophila brain. In Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention \u2013 MICCAI 2018 Lecture notes in computer science. (Springer International Publishing), pp. 317\u2013325.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00934-2_36"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.07.11.664377"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.53350"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05562-8"},{"key":"2025110412551842000_2025.04.23.650240v2.100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14440\/jbm.2014.36","article-title":"Advanced methods of microscope control using \u00b5Manager software","volume":"1","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Methods"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.04.23.650240","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T05:07:20Z","timestamp":1782277640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.04.23.650240"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"references-count":100,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.04.23.650240","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.01.001","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}