{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T13:11:54Z","timestamp":1768569114426,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"group-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","reference-count":28,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children living with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience multiple challenges that impairs their physical, psychological, social life and development. There is limited literature on the prevalence rate of psychological symptoms among these children in Uganda. We aimed to assess the health-related psychological distress and associated factors among children with SCD in an urban tertiary health facility in Uganda<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH) Kampala, Uganda, including children with SCD aged 7 to 17 years attending inpatient and outpatient departments of sickle cell unit. Psychological distress was assessed using distress questionnaire 5 (DQ-5). We also used the Child behavioral questionnaire in a Paper based form for data collection.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 288 children were included in this study. Their mean age was 12.0\u00b13.6 years. Majority of the children were female (52.4%, n=151), in primary schools (66.3%, n=191) and lived with their mothers only (51.0%, n=147). The prevalence of psychological distress was 34.0% (n=98). Children aged 11 to 17 years were more likely to have psychological distress when compared to those aged 7 to 10 years [Adjusted Odd Ration (aOR): 1.8, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.1 \u2013 3.1, p= 0.029]<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Almost every 1 in 3 children with SCD in Uganda has psychological distress. There is a great need for interventions to support the psychological needs of this population of children. Therefore, by fostering understanding and providing appropriate support, it is possible to mitigate the negative psychological impact and promote resilience in these young patients.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.04.30.25326713","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T21:55:21Z","timestamp":1746222921000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS OF CHILDREN WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN MULAGO NATIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL, KAMPALA, UGANDA"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3340-3201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Odong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerald Humble","family":"Apule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Ameny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David Nsubuga","family":"Mayanja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Kiberu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Kabasere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Solin Lutada","family":"Lakareber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derrick Bary","family":"Abila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Bongomin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"kiguli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61029-X"},{"key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.2","unstructured":"Organization WH. Sickle cell disease prevention and control. Online at http:\/\/wwwafrowhoint\/en\/nigeria\/nigeriapublications\/1775-sickle. 2015;"},{"issue":"9861","key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61229-X","article-title":"Global epidemiology of sickle haemoglobin in neonates: a contemporary geostatistical model-based map and population estimates","volume":"381","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-07-233700"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e195","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00288-0","article-title":"Burden of sickle cell trait and disease in the Uganda Sickle Surveillance Study (US3): a cross-sectional study","volume":"4","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05500.x"},{"key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jerrell JM , Tripathi A , McIntyre RS . Prevalence and treatment of depression in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease: a retrospective cohort study. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2011;13(2).","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.10m01063"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000000092","article-title":"Coping and coping assistance among children with sickle cell disease and their parents","volume":"37","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31815ff5c5"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.10","first-page":"533","article-title":"Depression in sickle cell disease","volume":"95","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-1461-z"},{"key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00303-3"},{"key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.11.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000000276","article-title":"Depression in children suffering from sickle cell anemia","volume":"37","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-1461-z","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias in rural Uganda: cross-sectional, population-based study","volume":"20","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"01","key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4236\/ojped.2021.111004","article-title":"Psychological Experience of Children and Adolescents with Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease in Brazzaville","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-03015-1"},{"key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jerrell JM , Tripathi A , McIntyre RS . Prevalence and treatment of depression in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease: a retrospective cohort study. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2011;13(2).","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.10m01063"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_123_16","article-title":"Depression among Sickle Cell Anemia Patients in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia","volume":"6","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi J Med Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.20","first-page":"113","article-title":"Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life In Children and Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease","volume":"42","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0461-6","article-title":"Depression and quality of life in children with sickle cell disease: the effect of social support","volume":"15","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040500473706"},{"key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2007.00997.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000000092","article-title":"Coping and coping assistance among children with sickle cell disease and their parents","volume":"37","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.25","first-page":"533","article-title":"Depression in sickle cell disease","volume":"95","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.26","first-page":"134179","article-title":"CDI Scores in Pediatric Psychiatric Inpatients: A Brief Retrospective Static Group Comparison","volume":"2011","year":"2011","journal-title":"Depress Res Treat"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.27","first-page":"929","article-title":"Prevalence of depression among adults with sickle cell disease in the southern region of Saudi Arabia","volume":"34","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025050613202311000_2025.04.30.25326713v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.5581\/1516-8484.20120110","article-title":"Quality of life of individuals with sickle cell disease followed at referral centers in Alagoas, Brazil","volume":"34","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.04.30.25326713","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T20:35:00Z","timestamp":1768509300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.04.30.25326713"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.04.30.25326713","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}