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Inflammation has a critical role in ASCVD, and patients with inflammatory diseases are at increased risk. However, the key inflammatory mediator promoting ASCVD are incompletely understood, a major barrier when targeting inflammation to prevent ASCVD. Here, we found that interleukin-9 (IL-9) producing T helper cells (Th9) were significantly associated with ASCVD in patients with the autoimmune disease psoriasis. Th9 cells were poised to migrate to coronary vessels and were identified in atherosclerotic plaque.\n                  <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                  , murine inflammatory atherogenesis was prevented by IL-9 blockade and by IL-9 receptor (IL-9R) deletion in endothelial cells. In human arterial endothelial cells, IL-9R\/STAT3 signaling promoted endothelial dysfunction, angiogenesis, and release of leukocyte chemoattractants. These findings suggest that in autoimmune diseases like psoriasis, Th9\/IL-9 promote atherosclerosis by directly targeting endothelial cells, and that IL-9R\/STAT3 signaling could be a promising therapeutic target for ASCVD.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>eTOC Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Baral et. al. investigate individuals who are at high risk for atherosclerosis due to underlying inflammatory disease and use mouse models of cardiovascular disease to uncover a role for interleukin-9-producing T helper 9 cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.05.05.652112","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T23:05:15Z","timestamp":1746831915000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Th9-endothelial cell crosstalk promotes inflammatory atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Ishita","family":"Baral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Baumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarohan","family":"Burma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"McKella","family":"Sylvester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL, 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