{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T12:04:36Z","timestamp":1779537876430,"version":"3.53.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":97,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish MINECO-FEDER","award":["BFU2014-53820-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BFU2014-53820-P"]}]},{"name":"Spanish MINECO-FEDER","award":["BFU2017-89615-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BFU2017-89615-P"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RF1MH114269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1MH114269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"FPU grant from the Spanish Government","award":["FPU13\/04858"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU13\/04858"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n-FEDER","award":["PID2022-141997NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-141997NB-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (Cb-tDCS) is a promising tool for non-invasive modulation of cerebellar function and is under investigation for treating cerebellum-related disorders. However, its local and remote effects on sensory processing remain poorly understood. We investigated the immediate and long-term effects of Cb-tDCS on sensory-evoked responses in the cerebellum and primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of awake mice. Sensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded in Crus I\/II and S1 during and after short (15 s) or long (20 min) sessions of anodal or cathodal Cb-tDCS. In addition, vGLUT1 and GAD65\u201367 immunoreactivity were quantified, and spectral changes in local field potentials were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Anodal and cathodal Cb-tDCS respectively induced an immediate increase and decrease in the trigeminal component in Crus I\/II but no aftereffects were observed 20 min post-stimulation. In S1, Cb-tDCS resulted in polarity and intensity-dependent modulation of the N1 component during stimulation, which was opposite to the changes induced in Crus I\/II, as well as a polarity-dependent modulation after stimulation. In addition, anodal Cb-tDCS was associated with reduced GAD65\u201367 immunoreactivity in S1, whereas vGLUT1 remained unchanged. While power spectrum analysis revealed no changes in Crus I\/II, Cb-tDCS induced polarity-dependent post-stimulation changes in S1 spectral power, with higher values after cathodal stimulation.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>These findings show that Cb-tDCS differentially modulates sensory processing in cerebellar and cortical circuits. While cerebellar effects are mainly transient, stimulation induces longer-lasting changes in the remote cortical area investigated, S1. This underscores the need to consider both local and distant network effects when applying Cb-tDCS in translational and clinical settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.05.12.653393","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T05:05:31Z","timestamp":1747112731000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Polarity-dependent modulation of sensory circuits by cerebellar tDCS: local and distant effects"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5278-9758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Andr\u00e9s","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, 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