{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T06:43:21Z","timestamp":1775976201911,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":65,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lundbeck Foundation","award":["R313-2019-606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R313-2019-606"]}]},{"name":"Lundbeck Foundation","award":["R359-2020-2287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R359-2020-2287"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U19NS130608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19NS130608"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Satellite glial cells (SGCs) envelop the somata, axon hillock, and initial axon segment of sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), playing a critical role in regulating the neuronal microenvironment. While DRG neurons have been extensively studied and classified based on size, molecular markers, and functional characteristics, very little is still known about SGC heterogeneity and its potential implications on sensory processing in the DRG. Single cell transcriptional analyses have proposed the existence of SGC subtypes, yet\n                  <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                  validation, spatial distribution, and potential functional implications of such subtypes are still largely unexplored. Here, we present the first comprehensive\n                  <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                  characterization of SGC heterogeneity within the mouse DRG. By integrating single-cell RNA sequencing with immunohistochemistry,\n                  <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                  hybridization, and advanced imaging techniques, distinct SGC subclusters were identified, validated, and spatially mapped within their native anatomical context. We visually identify four distinct subpopulations: 1) a predominant population of perisomatic SGC sheaths defined by the expression of marker proteins traditionally used to characterize the entire SGC population, including FABP7, KIR4.1, GS, and CX43. 2) OCT6+ SGCs occasionally being found in mosaic perisomatic sheaths, and consistently associated with axonal glomeruli, primarily ensheathing initial segment axon. 3) SCN7A+ SGCs, exhibiting no\/low expression of traditional SGC markers and forming specialized homogenous sheaths around non-peptidergic neuron subtypes, implicating their potential role in pruritic (itch-related) conditions. 4) Interferon response gene-expressing SGCs, responding to Herpes Simplex Virus infection, suggesting potential involvement in antiviral protection. Finally, we investigate human DRG and find an inner perisomatic SGC layer surrounded by an outer SGC layer, with traditional and novel markers distinctively distributed between the two layers. Our results provide novel insight into SGC heterogeneity in the DRG and suggests distinct functional properties for such subtypes of relevance for the neuronal microenvironment.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.05.19.654813","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T18:00:13Z","timestamp":1747850413000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mapping satellite glial cell heterogeneity reveals distinct spatial organization and signifies functional diversity in the dorsal root ganglion"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Ole A.","family":"Ahlgreen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mads W.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Baake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Hybel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachele","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ishwarya","family":"Sankaranarayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson, TX, 75080 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanne","family":"Pold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Line S.","family":"Reinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren S.","family":"Paludan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6971-6221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodore J.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas; 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