{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T15:27:25Z","timestamp":1782487645194,"version":"3.54.5"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":108,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  This study explores the inflammatory response observed in pancreata and pancreatic lymph node (pLN) samples obtained throughout the natural history of type 1 diabetes (T1D) including non-diabetic individuals and non-diabetic autoantibody positive individuals with high susceptibility using spatial transcriptomics (ST). Integration of ST with public single-cell RNA sequencing data enabled interrogation of transcriptional alterations in T1D pathogenesis across both tissues and cellular scales. In the T1D pancreas, we observed global upregulation of multiple inflammation-associated transcripts, including regenerating islet-derived (\n                  <jats:italic>REG<\/jats:italic>\n                  ) family genes, complement factor 3 (\n                  <jats:italic>C3<\/jats:italic>\n                  ),\n                  <jats:italic>SOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                  , and\n                  <jats:italic>OLFM4<\/jats:italic>\n                  , and highlighted cellular candidates potentially contributing to these signatures. Within the T1D pLN, we observed spatially restricted upregulation of lymphotoxin-\u03b2 (\n                  <jats:italic>LTB<\/jats:italic>\n                  ) alongside follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-associated transcripts including\n                  <jats:italic>FDCSP<\/jats:italic>\n                  ,\n                  <jats:italic>CLU<\/jats:italic>\n                  , and\n                  <jats:italic>FCER2<\/jats:italic>\n                  . Collectively, these findings highlight distinct inflammation signatures in the pancreas and regional pLN which can help inform the development of future therapeutic interventions.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.05.19.654940","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T00:40:15Z","timestamp":1748133615000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Spatial transcriptomics from pancreas and local draining lymph node tissue reveals a lymphotoxin-\u03b2 signature in human type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0532-5413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Medina-Serpas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, 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