{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T07:51:17Z","timestamp":1775980277019,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"group-title":"Cancer Biology","reference-count":73,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Human chorionic gonadotropin beta (beta-hCG) is an oncofetal antigen expressed by trophoblast cells of the placenta, with minimal expression in adult somatic tissues. Numerous studies have demonstrated that beta-hCG-encoding genes are expressed in various cancers, but expression of these genes (\n                  <jats:italic>CGB3<\/jats:italic>\n                  ,\n                  <jats:italic>CGB5<\/jats:italic>\n                  ,\n                  <jats:italic>CGB7<\/jats:italic>\n                  , and\n                  <jats:italic>CGB8<\/jats:italic>\n                  ) across diverse cancers has not been systematically evaluated. Here, we report that CGB genes are more widely expressed across diverse cancer types than previously appreciated and that secreted beta-hCG is readily detected. In particular, CGB genes are expressed in the majority of urothelial bladder cancers, where\n                  <jats:italic>CGB7<\/jats:italic>\n                  is most frequently expressed and significantly associated with an immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment, including decreased CD8\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  T cell infiltration. Multiple CGB genes are associated with failure to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, and\n                  <jats:italic>CGB7<\/jats:italic>\n                  is particularly strongly predictive of poor prognosis. Overall, our findings indicate that beta-hCG is a clinically accessible, predictive biomarker of immunotherapeutic response.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.05.28.656535","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T09:35:10Z","timestamp":1748856910000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chorionic Gonadotropin Beta 7 is a marker of immune evasion in cancer"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Siegen A.","family":"McKellar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA"},{"name":"Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA"},{"name":"Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"},{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose Mario Bello","family":"Pineda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA"},{"name":"Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA"},{"name":"Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4847-1411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohan","family":"Lattupally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy S.","family":"Codd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred 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