{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T12:48:18Z","timestamp":1788526098145,"version":"build-2803163510"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":65,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Neurodegeneration Challenge Network Ben Barres Early Career Acceleration Awards","award":["2021-005904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-005904"]}]},{"name":"Penn Institute for Immunology and Immune Health pilot award 2022"},{"name":"The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Collaborative Pairs Pilot Project Awards"},{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases predoctoral training grant","award":["T32AI055428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI055428"]}]},{"name":"UK Medical Research Council Senior Clinical Fellowship and MNDA","award":["MR\/M008606\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/M008606\/1"]}]},{"name":"UK Medical Research Council Senior Clinical Fellowship and MNDA","award":["MR\/S006508\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S006508\/1"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["U54NS123743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54NS123743"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["1S10OD026986-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S10OD026986-01A1"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R33CA256086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R33CA256086"]}]},{"name":"Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services","award":["ZIAAG000535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIAAG000535"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Aggregation and nuclear depletion of the RNA binding protein TDP-43 are the crucial pathological features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and inclusion body myositis (IBM), two degenerative diseases of the CNS and muscle. The loss of TDP-43 nuclear function results in the aberrant inclusion of cryptic exons in mRNA transcripts, leading to the expression of\n                  <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                  proteins. Clonally expanded and highly differentiated CD8\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  T cells have been observed in individuals with TDP-43 proteinopathies and therapeutics modulating the T cell response have recently been found to extend survival. However, the target antigens mediating T cell activation have remained elusive. Here, we investigate whether the\n                  <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                  proteins induced by aberrant cryptic splicing due to TDP-43 nuclear loss can act as neo-antigens. We detect the HDGFL2 cryptic peptide and multiple other TDP-43 cryptic exons in IBM skeletal muscle, where their presence correlates with enrichment of T cells and class I antigen presentation pathways. Furthermore, we identify epitopes deriving from HDGFL2 and IGLON5 cryptic peptides which are recognized by clonally expanded and functionally differentiated populations of CD8\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  T cells in ALS and IBM Patients. Finally, we demonstrate that T cells engineered to express the identified TCRs can bind and activate in response to the cryptic peptide derived epitopes (cryptic epitopes) and are able to kill TDP-43 deficient astrocytes. This work identifies for the first time specific T cell antigens in ALS and IBM, directly linking adaptive immune response to TDP-43 pathology.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.06.22.660773","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T13:50:19Z","timestamp":1751032219000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["TDP-43 pathology induces CD8\n                  <sup>+<\/sup>\n                  T cell activation through cryptic epitope recognition"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Shahab","family":"Chizari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Zanovello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua; Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidur","family":"Saigal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Leigh","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Turchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingxian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connor C.","family":"Devine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Zampedri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Skorupinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo Maria","family":"Minicuci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua; Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Paron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Tonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona; Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Marchetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona; Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Alzheimer\u2019s and Related Dementias, NIH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Col\u00f3n-Mercado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH; Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Barattucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darija","family":"Soltic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Dattilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariana","family":"Gatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jada M.","family":"Hembrador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Capasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua; Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Frezzato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua; Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livio","family":"Trentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua; Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Routledge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue A.","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Alzheimer\u2019s and Related Dementias, NIH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Alzheimer\u2019s and Related Dementias, NIH"},{"name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH; Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Petrucelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic; USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste; Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Vattemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona; Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Buratti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Malaspina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashirwad","family":"Merve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro M.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, UK"},{"name":"NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Sorar\u00f9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua; Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Fratta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, UK"},{"name":"The Francis Crick Institute; London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia"},{"name":"Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"},{"name":"Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, USA"},{"name":"Institute for RNA Innovation, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1134108"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-322983"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab0983"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04436-3"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adg7162"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02788-5"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Britson, K. A. , Ling, J. P. , Braunstein, K. E. , Montagne, J. M. , Kastenschmidt, J. M. , Wilson, A. , Ikenaga, C. , Tsao, W. , Pinal-Fernandez, I. , Russell, K. A. , Reed, N. , Mozaffar, T. , Wagner, K. R. , Ostrow, L. W. , Corse, A. M. , Mammen, A. L. , Villalta, S. A. , Larman, H. B. , Wong, P. C. & Lloyd, T. E . Loss of TDP-43 function and rimmed vacuoles persist after T cell depletion in a xenograft model of sporadic inclusion body myositis. Sci. Transl. Med. 14, eabi9196.","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abi9196"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.27167"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04844-5"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34526-9"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz207"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00563-7"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramachandran, S. , Grozdanov, V. , Leins, B. , Kandler, K. , Witzel, S. , Mulaw, M. , Ludolph, A. C. , Weishaupt, J. H. & Danzer, K. M . Low T-cell reactivity to TDP-43 peptides in ALS. Front. Immunol. 14, (2023).","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1193507"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhanwani, R. , Pham, J. , Premlal, A. L. R. , Frazier, A. , Kumar, A. , Pero, M. E. , Bartolini, F. , Dutra, J. R. , Marder, K. S. , Peters, B. , Sulzer, D. , Sette, A. & Lindestam Arlehamn, C. S . T Cell Responses to Neural Autoantigens Are Similar in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Patients and Age-Matched Healthy Controls. Front. Neurosci. 14, (2020).","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00874"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13217"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2628-4"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adk3487"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01073-2"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4282"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calliari, A. , Daughrity, L. M. , Albagli, E. A. , Castellanos Otero, P. , Yue, M. , Jansen-West, K. , Islam, N. N. , Caulfield, T. , Rawlinson, B. , DeTure, M. , Cook, C. , Graff-Radford, N. R. , Day, G. S. , Boeve, B. F. , Knopman, D. S. , Petersen, R. C. , Josephs, K. A. , Oskarsson, B. , Gitler, A. D. , Dickson, D. W. , Gendron, T. F. , Prudencio, M. , Ward, M. E. , Zhang, Y. J. & Petrucelli, L . HDGFL2 cryptic proteins report presence of TDP-43 pathology in neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurodegener 19, 29 (2024).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-024-00744-6"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ling, J. P. , Wilks, C. , Charles, R. , Leavey, P. J. , Ghosh, D. , Jiang, L. , Santiago, C. P. , Pang, B. , Venkataraman, A. , Clark, B. S. , Nellore, A. , Langmead, B. & Blackshaw, S . ASCOT identifies key regulators of neuronal subtype-specific splicing. Nat. Commun. 11, 137 (2020).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14020-5"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abh2169"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-19-0401"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1895-7"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptome and TCR profiling reveal activated and expanded T cell populations in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"7","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62864-5"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2007806117"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade1282"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2017.09.011"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0248-14.2014"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, H. & Jia, J . Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Peripheral Blood Reveals Immune Cell Signatures in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Front. Immunol. 12, (2021).","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.645666"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000486200"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1106","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001106","article-title":"CSF-Derived CD4+ T-Cell Diversity Is Reduced in Patients With Alzheimer Clinical Syndrome","volume":"9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22815"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15626-w"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singhania, A. , Pham, J. , Dhanwani, R. , Frazier, A. , Rezende Dutra, J. , Marder, K. S. , Phillips, E. , Mallal, S. , Amara, A. W. , Standaert, D. G. , Sulzer, D. , Peters, B. , Sette, A. & Lindestam Arlehamn, C. S . The TCR repertoire of \u03b1-synuclein-specific T cells in Parkinson\u2019s disease is surprisingly diverse. Sci. Rep. 11, 302 (2021).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79726-9"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa269"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000020","article-title":"MOG transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains contain highly stimulatory T-cell epitopes in MS","volume":"1","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1915309116"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.04.013"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abn1823"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06916-6"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.355742","article-title":"Anti-IgLON5 disease: a novel topic beyond neuroimmunology","volume":"18","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170189","article-title":"Microglial and Neuronal TDP-43 Pathology in Anti-IgLON5-Related Tauopathy","volume":"59","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bensimon, G. , Leigh, P. N. , Tree, T. , Malaspina, A. , Payan, C. A. , Pham, H.-P. , Klaassen, P. , Shaw, P. J. , Khleifat, A. A. , Amador, M. D. M. , Attarian, S. , Bell, S. M. , Beltran, S. , Bernard, E. , Camu, W. , Corcia, P. , Corvol, J.-C. , Couratier, P. , Danel, V. , Debs, R. , Desnuelle, C. , Dimitriou, A. , Ealing, J. , Esselin, F. , Fleury, M.-C. , Gorrie, G. H. , Grapperon, A.-M. , Hesters, A. , Juntas-Morales, R. , Kolev, I. , Lautrette, G. , Forestier, N. L. , McDermott, C. J. , Pageot, N. , Salachas, F. , Sharma, N. , Soriani, M.-H. , Sreedharan, J. , Svahn, J. , Verber, N. , Verschueren, A. , Yildiz, O. , Suehs, C. M. , Saker-Delye, S. , Muller, C. , Masseguin, C. , Hajduchova, H. , Kirby, J. , Garlanda, C. , Locati, M. , Zetterberg, H. , Asselain, B. & Al-Chalabi, A . Efficacy and safety of low-dose IL-2 as an add-on therapy to riluzole (MIROCALS): a phase 2b, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet 0, (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00262-4"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004469"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07906-y"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab702"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpcb.51"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121033","article-title":"Bioengineered optogenetic model of human neuromuscular junction","volume":"276","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.81856"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03468-5"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ling, J. P. , Wilks, C. , Charles, R. , Leavey, P. J. , Ghosh, D. , Jiang, L. , Santiago, C. P. , Pang, B. , Venkataraman, A. , Clark, B. S. , Nellore, A. , Langmead, B. & Blackshaw, S . ASCOT identifies key regulators of neuronal subtype-specific splicing. Nat. Commun. 11, 137 (2020).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14020-5"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0505-4"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2013.08.007"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.56","first-page":"100593","article-title":"A fully automated FAIMS-DIA mass spectrometry-based proteomic pipeline. Cell Rep","volume":"3","year":"2023","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.12.12.571327"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky955"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp352"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4197"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Love, M. I. , Huber, W. & Anders, S . Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol. 15, 550 (2014).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.29032.2","article-title":"Sustainable data analysis with Snakemake","volume":"10","year":"2021","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"2026041805500583000_2025.06.22.660773v3.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq033"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.06.22.660773","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T12:50:19Z","timestamp":1776516619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2025.06.22.660773"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"references-count":65,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.06.22.660773","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}