{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:53:04Z","timestamp":1791874384714,"version":"4.3.4"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":50,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>What we see is generated by our cortical neurons processing sensory input. Amblyopia provides a perfect case for studying the neural generation of percepts because abnormal neural development of cortex leads to many amblyopes seeing more complex phantom forms than the viewed stimulus through their amblyopic eye (AE) but not through the fellow eye (FE). Using computer guided dichoptic displays, we showed that 92.6% of phantom percepts generated by single gratings shown to AE were matched exactly by plaids (sums of two gratings) shown to FE. A formal equation between the cortical signals generated by the gratings seen through AE and the signals generated by their matched patterns seen through FE, provided the derivation of AE cortical receptive fields as linear transforms of FE receptive fields. The transformed AE cortical model accurately generated the phantoms, was validated via reverse-correlation, and explained deficits in form detection and spatial localization. This study elucidates the close link between percepts and neuronal receptive fields.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>TEASER<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Changes in cortical neurons\u2019 receptive fields can lead to amblyopes seeing phantom features that are not present in viewed images.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.06.24.661078","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T15:20:19Z","timestamp":1750864819000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Phantom Forms in Amblyopic Vision and what they reveal about the Generative Brain"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Akihito","family":"Maruya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Center for Vision Research, State University of New York, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhavatharini","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Center for Vision Research, State University of New York, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzaneh","family":"Olianezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Center for Vision Research, State University of New York, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Center for Vision Research, State University of New York, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose-Manuel","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Center for Vision Research, State University of New York, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qasim","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Center for Vision Research, State University of New York, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2026041210180593000_2025.06.24.661078v4.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/3.12.5"},{"key":"2026041210180593000_2025.06.24.661078v4.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12697\/SSS.2005.33.1.05"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026041210180593000_2025.06.24.661078v4.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3347","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47356-8","article-title":"Perceptography unveils the causal contribution of inferior temporal cortex to visual perception","volume":"15","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2026041210180593000_2025.06.24.661078v4.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.42.8.449"},{"key":"2026041210180593000_2025.06.24.661078v4.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(93)90188-3"},{"key":"2026041210180593000_2025.06.24.661078v4.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00584273"},{"key":"2026041210180593000_2025.06.24.661078v4.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0515"},{"key":"2026041210180593000_2025.06.24.661078v4.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(99)00028-0"},{"key":"2026041210180593000_2025.06.24.661078v4.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4496-07.2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026041210180593000_2025.06.24.661078v4.10","first-page":"17","article-title":"Developmental sensory impairment: amblyopia or tarachopia?","volume":"1","year":"1982","journal-title":"Human neurobiology"},{"key":"2026041210180593000_2025.06.24.661078v4.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hess, RF , Field, DJ , Watt, RJ . 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